HVAC School - For Techs, By Techs

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, host Bryan discusses superheat with guest JD, who recently co-authored an article on the topic with Ty Branaman. The conversation explores the often misunderstood concept of superheat, its importance in HVAC diagnostics, and common misconceptions technicians have when measuring and interpreting it. Bryan begins by sharing how superheat was initially taught to technicians in the late 1990s and early 2000s, primarily as a method for charging fixed metering device systems. He explains how this limited view led to problems, as technicians would often add or remove refrigerant based solely on superheat readings without considering other system factors or giving the system time to stabilize. JD points out how the industry shifted when TXVs (Thermostatic Expansion Valves) became standard, with many technicians abandoning superheat measurements altogether in favor of subcooling measurements, missing crucial diagnostic information in the process. The discussion then evolves into a more sophisticated understanding of superheat as an indicator of evaporator coil "fullness." Bryan explains that lower superheat indicates a fuller evaporator coil, while higher superheat suggests a starved coil. They discuss the importance of measuring superheat in the correct location, noting that TXVs control superheat at the evaporator outlet, not at the condensing unit where technicians often measure. This misunderstanding leads to many incorrect diagnoses of "bad TXVs" when the real issues might be related to airflow, heat pickup in line sets, or other factors. Both experts emphasize the value of measuring superheat both inside at the evaporator outlet and outside at the condensing unit to get a complete picture of system operation. Key Topics Covered: Definition of superheat and its importance in HVAC diagnostics How superheat indicates evaporator coil "fullness" (flooded vs. starved conditions) The distinction between charging by superheat and using superheat as a diagnostic tool Common misconceptions about superheat measurement on TXV systems Why measuring superheat location matters (evaporator outlet vs. condensing unit) How to properly diagnose TXV issues using superheat measurements The relationship between airflow problems and superheat readings Normal superheat ranges for residential systems (7-14 degrees at evaporator outlet) How superheat affects both system capacity and compressor safety "Exercising" TXVs as a troubleshooting technique How line set conditions and installation factors can impact superheat readings System behavior during "hot pull down" conditions when starting with high indoor temperatures   JD and Ty's superheat tech tip and worksheet: https://hvacrschool.com/solving-superheat/  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 15 May 2025

In this short podcast, Bryan talks about how to deal with too much at work and in life. He gives some practical tips to help you when you feel overwhelmed. One of the best ways to get ahead is to wake up early, exercise, get sunlight, stay hydrated, eat healthy, and get enough sleep. Taking care of yourself and giving yourself ample opportunities to set your mind and body up for success can ensure that you have the energy to tackle the challenges at work and in other areas of your life. When you're in the middle of an overwhelming mix of tasks, it helps to take a small break and take some deep breaths. Some people take smoke breaks. Once you have an opportunity to step back and clear your head, try to document all of the things you need to do. You can use a Google Doc with the help of ChatGPT to lay everything out. Once you have all of your tasks in front of you, pick 3-5 things that must get done today and then use your calendar, silence your notifications, and use all the tools at your disposal to focus on those things. Perfectionism and people-pleasing can also get in the way of achieving all of your tasks. You have to be able to accept work that isn't perfect and say no to meetings or unnecessary tasks. You can use tools like Loom to document quick notes instead of holding a meeting. When you can't avoid meetings, try to batch them all at once. Batching, delegating, and automating tasks also come in handy, especially before tasks pile up and spiral out of control.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 13 May 2025

Bryan from HVAC School interviews JD Kelly, known as "student of HVAC" on Instagram, about Delta T measurements in HVAC systems. This episode dives into the fundamentals of Delta T, common misconceptions, and proper measurement techniques. JD explains that Delta T is simply a temperature difference between two points of the same medium, which is often misunderstood in the industry. Many technicians are taught to measure between return grills and supply registers, but this approach can lead to inaccurate readings due to external factors like duct leakage or heat gain from attics. The proper measurement should be taken directly at the equipment to evaluate how the evaporator coil is performing. Humidity plays a significant role in Delta T measurements, which JD discovered when researching the fundamentals. Bryan elaborates on this point, explaining that in high-humidity environments (like Florida), more energy goes toward removing moisture (latent heat) rather than cooling the air (sensible heat), resulting in lower Delta T readings. This is why a newly repaired unit in a humid house might initially show lower readings but improve as the home dries out. The discussion highlights why the common "20-degree Delta T" rule of thumb isn't universally applicable and requires context. Key Topics Covered: Definition of Delta T: Temperature difference between two points of the same medium Difference between Delta T and TD (temperature difference) Proper probe placement for accurate Delta T readings Impact of humidity on Delta T measurements How regional differences affect expected Delta T values Relationship between CFM (airflow) per ton and Delta T readings Common mistakes: Adjusting equipment based solely on Delta T readings Challenges of applying Delta T in heat pump heating mode How temperature dead spots can affect readings Why Delta T readings must be considered alongside other diagnostic tests The danger of making unnecessary adjustments to HVAC systems Why high Delta T isn't always good and low Delta T isn't always bad   JD's Delta T tech tip: https://hvacrschool.com/solving-delta-t/  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 8 May 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about fire sprinklers and how to avoid setting them off on job sites. Fire sprinklers have an element in the center that expands when exposed to heat (like a TXV sensing bulb) and breaks the glass. When the glass breaks, the fire sprinkler starts pouring out water. In some cases, fire sprinklers are linked to a larger fire suppression system in which several may go off at once, but most of the time, only a single fire sprinkler will go off if bumped or exposed to heat. If you're using torches or doing any form of hot work in a closet or other location with a fire sprinkler, make sure to keep torches away from the heat-sensitive bulb or at least cover the sprinkler with a wet rag (and follow your company's guidelines). Blunt force is another possible issue, so we want to avoid hitting the sprinklers with lifts, ladders, or building materials like studs. Keep clearances in mind, and watch out for your colleagues. You can get some specialty-built cages to protect the sprinklers, but awareness is one of the best ways to protect fire sprinklers. If possible, make sure signage is posted or that you alert other people in the area about the fire sprinklers. If the fire sprinkler does go off, make sure you can quickly reach the person(s) who can access the fire shutoff or direct you to the fire shutoff. While fire sprinklers won't pose much of a personal safety hazard, property damage is a major concern. Training and awareness are the keys to preventing property damage due to fire sprinklers.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 6 May 2025

In this engaging session, David Richardson breaks down the concept of high-performance HVAC, offering a clear roadmap for industry professionals looking to elevate their craft. Richardson argues that the HVAC industry has long been focused on equipment rather than complete systems, leading to widespread inefficiencies. The average system delivers only about 57% of its rated capacity into buildings, while even code-approved systems barely reach 63%. By implementing high-performance HVAC principles, contractors can achieve up to 88% efficiency while improving safety, health, comfort, and energy performance. Richardson presents a practical framework using the acronym "PATH" - Pressure, Airflow, Temperature, and Heat (BTUs) - as a step-by-step approach to implementing high-performance HVAC. He emphasizes starting with static pressure testing, which he calls "the foundation of airflow" and one of the most misunderstood principles in the industry. Just as doctors check blood pressure as a vital sign during every visit, Richardson advocates for measuring static pressure on every call, or at minimum, when encountering "red flag" issues like repeated equipment failures. From there, professionals can progress to measuring airflow, temperature, and finally BTU delivery to create complete system diagnostics. The presentation offers a journey-based approach, acknowledging that implementation takes time and requires breaking old habits. Richardson introduces the "one degree principle," suggesting that change happens incrementally, with small improvements eventually leading to breakthrough moments. He urges contractors to apply this methodology not just to equipment, but to extend testing into duct systems and even the building envelope. By making these changes visible through measurement, contractors can prove value to themselves, their teams, and ultimately their customers, transforming the way HVAC work is perceived and delivered. Key Topics Covered: The definition of high-performance HVAC: getting back to craftsmanship, challenging the status quo, and confirming work through measurement The industry problem: focusing on equipment instead of complete systems, resulting in just 57% of rated BTU capacity reaching conditioned spaces The PATH framework: Pressure, Airflow, Temperature, and Heat as building blocks for system diagnostics How to implement static pressure testing as the foundation for airflow diagnostics The importance of measuring at both equipment and register/grille locations Breaking down implementation into three areas: equipment, ducts, and building envelope STEPS approach: Show, Teach, Equip, Promote, with application to yourself, your team, and your customers The "one degree principle" for making incremental changes that lead to breakthrough results Common obstacles to implementation and how to overcome resistance to change How measurements make your work transparent and lead to better performance   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 1 May 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School Podcast, host Bryan sits down with Phil, the executive electrical team leader at Kalos who has transitioned into the world of estimating. Phil shares his extensive background in electrical work dating back to 1994, from his high school electrical elective to running his own business for eight years before joining Kalos and eventually establishing their estimation department. The conversation delves deep into the fundamentals of estimating in the trades, contrasting traditional qualitative approaches with more rigorous quantitative methods. Phil emphasizes that good estimating is about "finding the truth" - understanding the actual costs of materials and labor for a project. They discuss how traditional estimating often relies on heuristics and past experiences with similar jobs, while more detailed estimating involves comprehensive takeoffs and assembly-based counting. The pair explores how estimation isn't just about producing a final number but should provide valuable information that transfers to the production phase. A highlight of the episode is Phil's introduction of his self-developed estimating software called Unity Build. He explains how his interest in AI technologies led him to learn programming and eventually create this cloud-based solution that integrates AI assistance while maintaining the fundamental tools needed for thorough estimating. The software allows for collaboration between team members, is entirely browser-based, requiring no downloads, and is priced at $125 per month per seat. Bryan emphasizes that this is Phil's own business venture that he's taken an interest in, and they both stress that potential users should buy it for what it currently offers, not future promises, though they are committed to continuous improvement. Topics Covered: Phil's 30+ year journey in electrical work and how he learned estimating The difference between qualitative (heuristic-based) and quantitative (detailed takeoff) estimating approaches Unit pricing vs. assembly-based takeoffs in estimating How good estimating transfers value to the production phase The workflow of detailed estimating from information gathering to closeout Labor factoring and how it affects cost calculations Phil's development of Unity Build estimation software using AI integration Cloud-based advantages of the new software, including collaboration capabilities How Unity Build facilitates handoff from estimating to production Pricing model ($125/month per seat) and target customers (small to mid-sized contractors) The importance of estimating honesty and finding the "truth" in project costs   Check out Unity Build Estimation at https://unitybuildestimation.com/.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 30 April 2025

In this short podcast, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about Nylog, oil, and where you put them when you're making flares. Nylog is a thickened refrigerant oil (which is either POE for Nylog Blue or mineral oil for Nylog Red), and it's miscible with the refrigerant and moves with it through the circuit. You don't want to put excess Nylog on valves, but a small amount won't do harm. There are a lot of concerns about Nylog voiding the warranty, but it doesn't actually do that because it's nearly impossible to prove that Nylog caused the issue. Like oil, Nylog helps connections fit together (even threaded connections) and prevents galling. However, oil and Nylog also reduce friction, which will affect your torque specs when you use a torque wrench to tighten a connection. You don't need to tighten it as much, as you risk overtightening otherwise. When you apply Nylog, put a little bit on the front and back face of a flare (and the cone of the flaring block if you wish). You can put a small bead on the threads, but it's not an issue as long as you stay aware of your adjusted torque specs (low range). In our experience at Kalos Services, Nylog is particularly useful under vacuum and has helped us make high-quality flares that last a long time. Remember: Nylog is NOT leak lock, and it's not a traditional thread sealant.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 29 April 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan and Jim discuss strategies for growing an HVAC business, focusing on the importance of maintenance contracts, consistent service, and effective branding. Drawing from Jim's 15 years of experience running a successful HVAC company in California, they explore how maintenance contracts not only provide consistent revenue but also create valuable training opportunities for technicians. The conversation emphasizes that maintenance contracts are fundamental to building company value. Jim shares that when he sold his business, the number of maintenance contracts was a key valuation metric. These contracts tie customers to your company, provide consistent work during shoulder seasons, and offer technicians crucial repetitive practice with equipment. Bryan adds that maintenance provides technicians with opportunities to observe normal equipment operation repeatedly, which builds troubleshooting skills through pattern recognition. Both hosts stress the importance of consistency in growing a business. They note that large, successful HVAC companies aren't always the most technically excellent, but they deliver consistent service that customers can rely on. Jim introduces the marketing concept of "TOMA" (Top Of Mind Awareness), sharing how he used branded coffee bags as thank-you gifts to keep his company in customers' minds even after service calls were completed. The discussion concludes with an examination of White Rogers' contractor branding program, which allows HVAC companies to put their name and logo on thermostats, creating another touchpoint for customer awareness. Key topics covered: How maintenance contracts increase company valuation and create customer loyalty Using maintenance as a training ground for developing technician skills The importance of consistent processes and documentation when scaling a business Creating "Top Of Mind Awareness" (TOMA) with customers through strategic touchpoints White Rogers' contractor branding program for thermostats Benefits of Sensi thermostats and their app features, including multiple temperature sensors Different pricing strategies for customers with and without maintenance contracts The importance of documenting extended warranty information on invoices How service departments can weather economic downturns better than installation-focused businesses   Get contractor branding on your Sensi thermostats today at https://hvacrschool.com/contractor-branding.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 24 April 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about oversized evaporator coils, particularly when they're half a ton or a full ton larger than the condenser. The expanded performance data contains the information that'll tell you whether the coil is right for the system. However, when it comes to the specific issue of oversizing, there is a common misconception that coil size affects the saturated suction temperature. The truth is that they're not related; you could fully insulate different-sized coils and move the same amount of refrigerant, but they will behave similarly. The saturated suction temperature (suction pressure, evap temperature) is driven by the heat entering the system. Coils are designed to handle refrigerant flow rates and airflows, so having a lower airflow over a large coil allows for greater cooling due to the bigger surface area, lower bypass factor, and dwell time. When more heat enters the evaporator coil, the saturated suction temperature increases, but some of that heat enters as latent heat and helps with dehumidification. However, a larger coil also takes longer to get colder, and the superheat settings become more important. You have to be careful with lower face velocities across the evaporator coil, as laminar flow isn't as good at transferring heat as turbulent flow. That is one of the limitations of using a larger coil with lower airflow. If the expanded performance data has a rated match for a larger coil, then that same data will also contain information about the required airflow. Testing in and testing out is also important.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 22 April 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, host Bryan sits down with building science expert Allison Bailes to dive deep into the world of Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs). The conversation explores the critical role of ventilation in modern homes, highlighting how ERVs have become an essential component of maintaining indoor air quality and energy efficiency. Bailes breaks down the technical nuances of ERVs, explaining how these systems not only bring fresh air into a home but do so while recovering both temperature and moisture energy. The discussion goes beyond simply explaining what an ERV is, delving into the practical considerations of ventilation strategies. Bailes shares personal experiences, including challenges he faced with over-ventilation in his own home, which led to extremely dry indoor conditions. The podcast explores the complex balance of bringing outdoor air inside while managing humidity, temperature, and air quality. Listeners gain insights into why simply bringing in outdoor air isn't always the best solution, especially in climates with extreme humidity or air quality challenges. Throughout the episode, Bailes and Bryan emphasize the importance of thoughtful ventilation design. They discuss the evolution of home construction, noting how increasingly airtight buildings have made proper ventilation more crucial than ever. The conversation touches on key considerations for selecting and implementing ERVs, including motor efficiency, boost capabilities, filtration, and the impact of outdoor air conditions. The experts provide practical advice for contractors, technicians, and homeowners looking to improve their understanding of indoor air management. Key Topics Covered: The difference between Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) and Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) Moisture transfer and vapor permeability in ventilation systems Balanced ventilation strategies and their importance Challenges of over-ventilation and indoor air quality Filtration considerations for ERV systems Impacts of outdoor air quality on home ventilation Strategies for different climate zones The role of ERVs in managing indoor humidity and temperature Resources Mentioned: Allison Bailes' book: "A House Needs to Breathe... Or Does It?" Upcoming online ventilation course from Energy Vanguard (expected May 2025) Energy Vanguard website: energyvanguard.com    Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 17 April 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question asking whether you can use another surge protector at the disconnect panel with an ICM 493 already in place. Using multiple surge protectors in the configuration described does NOT count as daisy-chaining. Surge protectors with MOVs (metal oxide varistors) shunt current from high voltage to ground by reducing their resistance. MOVs are sacrificial, so they wear out over time. Surge protectors don't last forever, so installing multiple is a fine idea. You can have whole-home surge protection with additional surge protectors positioned at the appliances/electronics. While it can be done and doesn't hurt anything, it's not the most cost-effective solution.  When you install a surge protector, wire it in parallel with the circuit to ground. It should be wired properly with the shortest possible path to ground. In any case, many surge protectors won't hold up against direct lightning strikes, but they will protect the equipment from power surges after power comes back on or constant overvoltage. Our company, Kalos Services, now uses DITEK's Kool Guard 2 as our surge protector and voltage monitor of choice. They also provide warranties for their products, which have come in handy for customers.   Learn more about the DITEK Kool Guard 2 at https://www.diteksurgeprotection.com/product-series/intelligent-voltage-monitoring/.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 15 April 2025

In this podcast episode, HVAC professionals Chris Hughes and Adam Mufich discuss the intricate challenges technicians face when commissioning modern inverter-based heating and cooling systems. Unlike traditional single-stage or two-stage HVAC equipment, inverter systems introduce a new level of complexity that can leave even experienced technicians feeling uncertain about proper installation and startup procedures. The presentation highlights a fundamental shift in how HVAC systems operate, moving from straightforward single-stage systems to sophisticated inverter-based technologies that modulate compressor, fan, and refrigerant flow dynamically. This technological evolution creates significant challenges for technicians, who previously could rely on simple, consistent commissioning processes. The speakers emphasize that modern inverter systems require a much more nuanced approach, with specific temperature ranges, wait times, and verification methods that are not always clearly documented in manufacturer manuals. Recognizing the industry-wide need for clarity, Chris and Adam have developed a comprehensive spreadsheet resource that consolidates commissioning information across multiple HVAC brands. Their goal is to empower technicians by providing accessible, standardized guidance for working with these complex systems. By sharing their research and encouraging collaboration, they aim to address what they see as a critical gap in manufacturer support and technical documentation. The podcast serves as both an educational resource and a call to action for HVAC professionals and manufacturers alike. Chris and Adam argue that the industry needs more transparency, better documentation, and a collective effort to standardize inverter system commissioning practices. Their work represents a significant step towards demystifying these advanced HVAC technologies and ensuring that technicians can confidently and effectively install and service modern heating and cooling equipment. Key Topics Covered: Differences between single-stage, two-stage, and inverter HVAC systems Commissioning challenges with modern inverter technologies Critical factors in proper system startup, including: Outdoor and indoor temperature requirements Wait times for system stabilization Refrigerant charging methods Airflow measurement and verification The importance of precise refrigerant charging (superheat and subcooling) Challenges with manufacturer documentation and technical support The need for standardized commissioning procedures across HVAC brands Strategies for verifying system performance during commissioning The speakers' collaborative effort to create a comprehensive inverter system commissioning guide   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 10 April 2025

In this short podcast episode, Roman Baugh takes over the HVAC School podcast to answer a listener-submitted question about VRF (or VRV) system evacuation. Evacuation is a critical step of making repairs on VRF systems, which are very diverse and versatile but require a high level of understanding. VRF systems have multiple indoor units per outdoor unit, and they achieve that with the help of several components and accessories down the refrigerant line that can pose issues in evacuation and pressure testing. In heat recovery units, some manufacturers use solenoid valves (or even electronic expansion valves) in branch selector boxes or branch collector boxes. These valves act as little traffic guards, and the system needs to be put in its refrigerant recovery or vacuuming mode. If not, then you won't be able to evacuate all of the refrigerant and non-condensables from the system. Even if the system passes a decay test, contamination is a major concern when the system starts up and the valves open (due to nitrogen and oxygen mixing with pure refrigerant being put into the system). You can trust and verify that the system is in its proper operating mode at the thermostat to ensure that the valves are open 100% and ready for evacuation or pressure testing. Failure to do so not only poses a contamination risk but likely won't maintain its pressure during the pressure test. Assumption or trust alone is not enough. Heat pumps only have two lines, and the vacuum pulls from both sides of the valve. There's less of an issue because there are no branch selector or collector boxes, but it's still good to ensure that the valves are responding and communicating.    Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 8 April 2025

This podcast episode is of Bryan's session from the HVAC School Symposium, "10 Things I've Learned in the Last 10 Years." Delivered as HVAC School approaches its 10-year milestone and Kalos hits 20 years, Bryan blends technical know-how with personal stories, revealing how his “expertise” is a product of constant learning—often from the very audience he’s addressing. Bryan’s presentation weaves together practical HVAC lessons and relatable anecdotes, offering a glimpse into his growth as a technician, educator, and leader. He tackles wire sizing versus breaker sizing, debunking outdated myths tied to the National Electrical Code and sharing tales of sparring with inspectors over code-compliant innovations. On vent sweating and duct leakage, he provides actionable fixes—like sealing boots and tackling attic moisture—while urging techs to look beyond bandaids. Bryan also dives into coil corrosion, distinguishing formicary from galvanic causes and advocating for field-driven research over manufacturer spin. His interactive style shines as he pauses for audience questions, fostering a dynamic exchange where attendees refine his insights. The talk balances technical depth with human wisdom, spotlighting patience, joy, and consistency as cornerstones of his journey. Bryan recounts Eureka moments—like unraveling why high-latent markets defy evaporator temperature expectations—and credits mentors like Jim Bergmann and peers like Jordan Cummings for sharpening his perspective. He wraps up with a personal touch, addressing work-life balance as a father of 10 and business owner, advocating for mutual sacrifice with family over unilateral trade-offs.  Topics Covered: Wire Sizing vs. Breaker Sizing: Debunks NEC myths and shares strategies for navigating inspector challenges. Vent Sweating Solutions: Offers practical fixes like sealing boots and managing attic moisture sources. Evaporator Temperature in High-Latent Markets: Explains unexpected suction pressure behavior with lower airflow. Control Layers in Ducts and Walls: Clarifies roles of vapor, air, and thermal barriers in system design. Formicary vs. Galvanic Corrosion: Differentiates coil leak causes, highlighting VOCs and flux issues. Low-Level CO Monitoring: Stresses its importance for safety in homes with combustion appliances. Duct Leakage: Links leaks to moisture and pressure woes, with visual diagnostic tips. Filtration Importance: Pushes for larger, sealed filters over inadequate factory setups. Compression Ratio and Dehumidification: Explores why ductless/inverter systems falter at moisture removal. Personal Growth and Joy: Ties patience, consistency, and community to a rewarding career. Work-Life Balance: Shares lessons on balancing family and work through shared sacrifice.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 3 April 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about using R-290 as a drop-in refrigerant for R-22 systems. It is NOT safe to use R-290 as a drop-in, but there are some similar properties between the two and some interesting thought experiments within this topic. R-290 is propane, a hydrocarbon that belongs to the family of natural refrigerants. R-22 is an HCFC refrigerant that has undergone a manufacturing/importation phaseout in the USA. They are both single-component refrigerants, not blends. Both of them have similar operating pressures and oil carry. However, the latent heat of vaporization of R-290 is almost double that of R-22, which makes it extremely effective as a refrigerant. The main issue with using R-290 is that it is highly flammable and explosive (A3), and it has very small charges (500 grams). Around 2010, some people started selling R-290 blends as drop-in alternatives for R-22. In theory, that combination would work very well, but it is not a safe or legal option. R-290 is currently used in sealed, self-contained equipment. However, it could be the future, especially if our industry goes for refrigerants with lower GWPs and uses flame-free fittings and tubing cutters. It's also worth noting that A2L refrigerants do not contain R-290 or any other hydrocarbons, but it is possible that the industry will gradually embrace the more flammable refrigerants like R-290.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 1 April 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School Podcast, host Bryan welcomes Jeff from Copeland to discuss the critical topic of flooding and slugging in compressors. Jeff, calling in from frigid Minnesota (at negative 19°F), explains the differences between these harmful conditions and how they can damage compressor systems. The conversation begins by differentiating between flood back and flooded starts. Flood back occurs during system operation when control of the evaporator is lost, often due to airflow issues. Flooded starts happen after the system has been off, when refrigerant migrates to the compressor oil. Both conditions can lead to slugging - when liquid refrigerant enters the compression chamber, causing immediate damage to valves and internal components. While flood back and flooded starts may cause gradual damage over time, slugging can break compressor components instantly. Jeff emphasizes that proper superheat levels are essential for compressor health, with most Copeland compressors requiring about 20 degrees of superheat at the compressor suction line. The discussion covers various preventative measures, including pump down systems, properly installed crankcase heaters, and the importance of maintaining appropriate refrigerant charge. Jeff notes that many technicians incorrectly assume crankcase heaters are only needed in cold climates, when they're actually crucial for preventing refrigerant migration in any environment. Key Topics Covered: The difference between flood back (during operation) and flooded starts (when the system restarts) How slugging causes immediate damage to compressors while flooding causes progressive damage The importance of maintaining proper superheat (typically 20 degrees at the compressor) Common causes of flood back: dirty filters, improper airflow, duct problems, and incomplete defrosting How refrigerant is attracted to compressor oil even in vapor form Prevention strategies: pump down systems, proper crankcase heater installation and verification The impact of line sizing and total refrigerant charge on system reliability Why compressors are designed for vapor-in/vapor-out operation, not liquid handling The importance of consulting OEM literature and Copeland resources when troubleshooting Why it's critical to identify and fix the underlying cause before replacing a failed compressor   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 27 March 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question: what is the best brand of equipment for residential new construction? A lot of people have their own personal preferences when it comes to brands, whether that's with equipment, tools, or even cars. However, when it comes to HVAC equipment, there are a lot of factors that come into play, especially as far as local support is concerned. Are the distributors and territory managers accessible? Reliable? Bryan's personal preferences deal a lot with American (or at least North American) manufacturing and the strength of their local support in the Central Florida market. Some manufacturers have excellent base products but weak product lines, and others have weak base products but great specialized equipment. These judgments come from personal experience, and that's especially true of large manufacturers. Bryan recommends taking a measured, slow approach to products you deal with and then choosing the one that works best for your market and customers. You may find yourself gravitating towards equipment with certain components (like Copeland compressors, for example). You may gravitate towards manufacturers that take feedback about their products and have great local support. The "best brand" really depends on your experiences, values, and business needs.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 25 March 2025

Join Bryan Orr and Furman Haynes from WorkHero for a great discussion about how to keep HVAC local and help more small owners succeed. Live from AHR Expo 2025, we get to hear from one of the founders of an exciting new company that is offering expert office management that small HVAC business owners can afford. Bryan also talks with Furman about a survey that HVAC School and WorkHero recently conducted that received over 1,300 responses and yielded fascinating data about the day-to-day challenges of running HVAC businesses. Key topics covered: The challenges small HVAC business owners face with administrative work How the average small business owner spends 15.4 hours per week on non-revenue generating tasks The impact of private equity consolidation on local HVAC businesses How AI and human expertise can work together to support small contractors The importance of preserving craftsmanship and technical excellence in local HVAC businesses Ways to help small business owners focus on growth while reducing administrative burden Whether you're a small business owner looking to optimize your operations or simply interested in the future of local HVAC, this conversation offers valuable insights into maintaining the soul of our industry while embracing new technologies and solutions. Learn about Helping Small Owners Succeed with WorkHero!   View results of Industry Pulse Survey at https://hvacrschool.com/industrypulse/  Work Hero website: www.workhero.pro  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android  

Transcribed - Published: 20 March 2025

In this livestream MeasureQuick Talks with Bert. This is an impromptu Talk with industry leaders, including Shelby Breger from Conduit and Joe Medosch from MeasureQuick, about how mobile technology is revolutionizing HVAC diagnostics and training. Featuring special guests discussing how modern tools like MeasureQuick and other diagnostic apps are making it easier for technicians of all experience levels to perform advanced diagnostics and build customer trust. Key Topics: How technicians can leverage mobile technology for better diagnostics Using tablets and phones for real-time HVAC measurements Making technical data accessible and meaningful for customers Bridging the gap between experienced techs and new talent The future of HVAC diagnostics and training How technology can help attract new talent to the trades Recorded live at AHR Expo 2025 with special guests from MeasureQuick and other industry leaders. Whether you're a seasoned pro or new to the trade, learn how modern diagnostic tools can help take your HVAC business to the next level.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 18 March 2025

Join us as we sit down with Nick from Inficon at AHR Expo 2025 to discuss the latest innovations in Leak Detection Tech. We explore the evolution from halide torches to modern infrared sensors, and get an exclusive look at their newest product - the D-TEK Pro. Key topics covered: The transition from heated diode to infrared sensor technology Deep dive into the Stratus leak detector's cloud hunting and pinpoint modes First look at the new D-TEK Pro with 10x airflow and enhanced sensitivity Discussion of forming gas applications in leak detection Tips for proper leak detector usage and maintenance New accessories for wind protection and insulation penetration Whether you're a seasoned tech or new to the trade, this conversation covers essential knowledge about modern leak detection tools and techniques. Learn how these advances are making leak detection more reliable and efficient for HVAC/R professionals.   Find out more at www.inficon.com.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 13 March 2025

In this engaging episode of the HVAC School Podcast, host Bryan sits down with Jesse from NAVAC to dive deep into the evolving landscape of refrigeration technology, focusing primarily on the transition to A2L refrigerants. The conversation offers a refreshingly pragmatic approach to addressing industry concerns about these new, mildly flammable refrigerants, dispelling myths and providing practical insights for HVAC technicians. The discussion begins by addressing the most pressing question for many technicians: Do you need to buy all new tools to work with A2L refrigerants? Jesse from NAVAC provides a nuanced response, emphasizing that while there are currently no regulations mandating new equipment, the company has proactively developed tools that are safety-certified and compatible with the new refrigerant types. They explore the intricacies of safety certifications like UL and CSA, explaining the differences between UL Listed and UL Verified, and highlighting the importance of intrinsically safe equipment, especially for tools like vacuum pumps and recovery machines. NAVAC's approach goes beyond mere product promotion, with Jesse positioning himself as an educator first. The podcast delves into the technical details of A2L refrigerants, challenging common misconceptions and providing context about their flammability. Bryan and Jesse draw parallels with previous refrigerant transitions, noting how technicians were initially skeptical about R-410A but eventually adapted. They emphasize the importance of best practices, proper training, and understanding the actual risks associated with these new refrigerants, rather than succumbing to fear-based narratives. The episode also showcases NAVAC's latest technological innovations, including smart probes, a Bluetooth scale, a smart valve for charging and recovery, and an advanced vacuum pump with a one-touch oil testing feature. These tools represent the company's commitment to improving technician efficiency and safety, with features that address real-world challenges faced by HVAC professionals. Key Topics Covered: A2L Refrigerants Myths and misconceptions about flammability Comparison with previous refrigerant transitions Safety considerations and best practices Safety Certifications Differences between UL Listed and UL Verified Importance of intrinsically safe equipment CSA and ETL certifications NAVAC's New Tools Smart probes with Bluetooth connectivity Advanced vacuum pump with automatic oil testing Flex manifold with digital accuracy and analog feel Battery-operated pumps with improved run times Industry Trends Preparation for A2L and future refrigerant transitions Regulatory changes and efficiency standards Importance of technician education and adaptation Additional Insights: No current regulations require new tools for A2L refrigerants Proper training and best practices are crucial Technicians should focus on understanding new technologies Safety is about awareness and proper procedures, not fear   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 7 March 2025

Roman Baugh and Donald Falese from VRF Tech Talk podcast takeover the HVAC School booth at AHR EXPO 2025. Join them as they talk about the new VRF products being unveiled, water cooled VRF up's and down's and why VRF is such a difficult trade work in. You will not want to miss this one! Highlights include: Daikin's innovative modular air handler for residential applications Hisense's groundbreaking single-phase VRF system with integrated hot water heating New NFC technology for easier system diagnostics and commissioning Updates on vapor injection technology and inverter developments The emergence of air source heat pump chillers Latest innovations from manufacturers like Gree, TCL, Cooper Hunter and more Whether you're a seasoned VRF technician or just getting started with inverter technology, this discussion covers everything from basic principles to cutting-edge developments in the industry. Roman and Donald break down complex technologies into understandable concepts while sharing their firsthand experience with the latest products at the expo. Don't miss this opportunity to stay up-to-date with the future of HVAC technology!   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 6 March 2025

Join us for a candid conversation with Bill Spohn from TruTech Tools at AHR Expo 2025! Bill shares exciting news about his planned retirement and transition plan for TruTech Tools, plus gives his insights on this year's 6th Annual HVAC/R Training Symposium where TruTech Tools was the title sponsor. We discuss the unique community atmosphere of both the Symposium and AHR Expo, exploring what makes these events special for the HVAC industry. In this livestream, we dive into: Bill's announcement about transitioning TruTech Tools leadership to his son over the next 3 years A detailed recap of HVAC School Symposium and what made it successful Thoughts on building authentic industry communities and fostering connections Leadership insights and maintaining vision while giving team members agency Perspectives on AHR Expo 2025 and why it matters for HVAC professionals    Don't forget to use offer code GETSCHOOLED for a great discount at trutechtools.com! Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 4 March 2025

In this informative podcast episode, Bryan from HVAC School is joined by Louise Keller, the National Training Manager for UEI Test Instruments, to discuss the critical importance of carbon monoxide safety and proper combustion analysis. The conversation begins with lighthearted banter about the previous night's Tactical Awards ceremony before diving into the serious topic of CO dangers and detection. Louise shares valuable insights about the dangers of carbon monoxide exposure, particularly at lower levels that might not trigger standard home CO alarms. She explains that CO poisoning can mimic many other conditions, including early-onset Alzheimer's, traumatic brain injury, and mobility issues. Bryan adds historical context by recounting how many Victorian-era "ghost stories" and fainting episodes coincided with the introduction of gas lighting in homes, suggesting these phenomena were likely CO poisoning symptoms. He also shares the little-known story of Walt Disney's parents, who tragically died from carbon monoxide poisoning in a house that Disney built for them. The discussion shifts to practical applications, with Louise explaining the proper use of combustion analyzers and the importance of regular recertification. They emphasize that visual inspection alone is not sufficient for safety, and proper testing is essential for both client safety and equipment efficiency. The conversation concludes with information about UEI's ServicePlus Guaranteed program, which offers extended warranty coverage, same-day recertification turnaround, transparent pricing, and convenient shipping for analyzers. Key Topics Covered: The dangers of carbon monoxide as an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas How low-level CO exposure can cause serious health issues that mimic other conditions The limitations of standard home CO alarms, which typically won't trigger until reaching 70 PPM for 1-4 hours Proper combustion analyzer startup procedures (starting outside in fresh air) The importance of checking all combustion appliances in a home (furnaces, water heaters, ovens, etc.) Best practices for comprehensive testing, including "appliance sweep tests" Historical context of CO poisoning, including connections to Victorian ghost stories UEI's ServicePlus Guaranteed program for analyzer recertification and warranty extension The importance of regular recertification to ensure accurate readings and maintain warranty coverage Tips for helping clients schedule regular maintenance and safety checks   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 3 March 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan sits down with James and Jeff from Copeland to discuss the evolution and capabilities of Copeland's mobile applications, particularly focusing on the Copeland Mobile app and the new Scout feature. James, who has been with Copeland for 28 years, and Jeff, who works as a trainer, share their extensive knowledge about how these tools can benefit HVAC technicians in the field. The conversation begins with a historical perspective on Copeland's service bulletins, which have been a valuable resource for technicians since the 1980s. The guests explain how these bulletins have evolved from being difficult to access to becoming readily available through the Copeland Mobile app. They discuss how the app has become an essential tool for technicians, allowing them to access critical information about compressors, including operating envelopes, current draw specifications, and troubleshooting guides. The discussion then moves to the exciting new features in the Copeland Mobile app, including the integration of Fault Finder and the introduction of Scout, an AI-powered search tool that draws exclusively from Copeland's database. Scout not only provides answers to technical questions but also points users to relevant resources and documentation. The guests emphasize how these tools can help reduce unnecessary compressor replacements, noting that 30-40% of returned compressors have nothing wrong with them. Key Topics Covered: Evolution of Copeland service bulletins from paper to digital format Features of the Copeland Mobile app, including: Operating envelope visualization Current draw specifications Compressor cross-reference tools Warranty status checking Mechanical specifications and oil charge information Wiring diagrams and troubleshooting guides Introduction of Scout AI-powered search feature Integration of Fault Finder into the main app Using the app for training technicians Importance of proper compressor diagnostics Accessing technical documentation and AE (Application Engineering) bulletins New camera feature for scanning compressor data tags Desktop version functionality for service managers White Rogers mobile applications Warranty tracking and parts availability features   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 28 February 2025

In this episode, Bryan is joined by guests Jacob and JD to discuss quality control (QC), punch out procedures, and best practices in HVAC installation and service. The conversation delves deep into the various aspects of maintaining high standards in workmanship, from aesthetic considerations to technical performance metrics that affect system longevity. The discussion begins with an exploration of workmanship quality and how to instill pride in work among team members. The guests share insights about the importance of company culture in maintaining high standards, emphasizing that quality control isn't just about catching mistakes but about fostering an environment where everyone takes ownership of their work. They discuss how photo documentation can be a powerful tool for quality control, allowing team members to review work remotely and catch issues that might be missed in the field. The conversation then shifts to the more technical aspects of quality control, particularly focusing on procedures that affect system longevity but might not be immediately visible to clients. This includes proper brazing techniques, pulling adequate vacuums, and proper system charging. The guests emphasize the importance of having a culture where team members hold each other accountable for following proper procedures, even when cutting corners might be tempting. The episode concludes with a detailed discussion about working with inspectors and handling code compliance, offering practical advice for maintaining good relationships with authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) while ensuring work meets all necessary standards. Key Topics Covered: Importance of workmanship appearance and aesthetic quality Role of company culture in maintaining high standards Using photo documentation for quality control Technical procedures that affect system longevity Methods for ensuring proper installation procedures are followed Dealing with inspectors and code compliance Characteristics of good punch-out personnel Balance between production speed and quality Importance of praise and constructive criticism in quality control Strategies for reducing punch list items Building relationships with inspectors Handling code interpretation disagreements Value of being a trades generalist for punch work Impact of workmanship on inspector relationships   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 27 February 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan covers some common mistakes when measuring static pressure. Static pressure is balloon pressure, not CFM or velocity pressure, but it can be an airflow indicator. The best way to start learning about static pressure is to start measuring total external static pressure. Gas furnaces and heat pumps are different; static pressure is rated at the furnace in the former (not the cased coil, which is additional), and the static pressure includes the coil in a heat pump. The highest static pressure will always be at the blower, but restrictions on either side of the blower will raise static pressure on both sides of the blower.  Dirty components can drop the total external static pressure, which is a common point of confusion that can lead to misdiagnosis. You'll want to determine static pressure at the blower and across components. If you want to determine if a cased evaporator coil is clogged, you can measure the static pressure drop across the coil (by measuring below and above the coil) and compare it to the manufacturer's specifications. Dirty blower wheels can also cause problems, as they don't move much air in the first place. Lower static pressure at the blower is the best for amp draw and airflow, and our system designs and accessories can support low static pressure. Dialing in airflow, putting your probes in the right positions when you measure static pressure, proper register and grille selection, and minimally restrictive filters all go a long way.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 25 February 2025

In this insightful discussion at AHR 2025 in Orlando, Bryan connects with Nikki Krueger from Santa Fe dehumidifiers, exploring the evolution and importance of whole-house dehumidification in modern HVAC systems. Nikki, who has spent 20 years in the indoor air quality industry, shares her journey from a public relations background to becoming deeply involved in the technical and engineering aspects of dehumidification technology. She highlights the groundbreaking work of Ken Gehring, who invented whole-house ventilating dehumidifiers in the mid-1990s and continues to be actively involved in the industry at 84 years old. The conversation delves into the changing landscape of home construction and its impact on dehumidification needs. As houses become tighter due to building codes and energy efficiency requirements, the relationship between air conditioning and dehumidification has become more complex. They discuss how modern, high-efficiency AC systems often struggle with effective dehumidification due to their focus on temperature control and energy efficiency. This challenge is particularly evident in cases where AC units have higher sensible heat ratios, meaning they're better at changing temperature than removing moisture. A significant portion of the discussion focuses on the technical aspects of sizing and installing dehumidifiers correctly. Nikki emphasizes the importance of understanding true dehumidifier capacity under different conditions, noting that a unit's performance varies significantly based on temperature and humidity levels. The conversation also covers the evolution of ventilation requirements in modern homes and Santa Fe's response with new products featuring larger fans and eight-inch ventilation ducts to better match dehumidification capacity with ventilation needs. Key Topics Covered: The history and evolution of whole-house dehumidification The relationship between modern AC systems and dehumidification challenges The importance of proper sizing and installation of dehumidifiers How building codes and tighter construction affect moisture control needs The role of ventilation in modern dehumidification systems The impact of temperature on dehumidifier performance ratings Common installation mistakes and best practices The significance of dew point versus relative humidity The challenges of maintaining specific relative humidity levels in homes New developments in dehumidifier technology, including larger ventilation ducts The importance of proper data and performance metrics in system design Resources for contractors and technicians learning about dehumidification   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 24 February 2025

In this special episode from the 2025 AHR Expo, Bryan brings us two fascinating conversations with industry leaders who are shaping the future of HVAC technology and tools. The episode kicks off with Tony Gonzalez from Fieldpiece celebrating their 35th anniversary. Tony shares his remarkable journey from packaging meters in the warehouse to his current leadership role, providing unique insights into the company's evolution. The discussion explores Fieldpiece's pioneering role in developing HVAC-specific testing equipment, particularly highlighting their groundbreaking HS26 meter that filled a crucial gap in the industry when no other company was creating specialized meters for HVAC technicians. The conversation with Tony delves deep into the technical aspects of modern HVAC work, particularly focusing on combustion analysis and its three fundamental pillars: safety, efficiency, and consistency. Tony explains how Fieldpiece's JobLink system has revolutionized the way technicians document their work and communicate with customers through comprehensive digital reporting. The discussion also covers the evolution of refrigerants and POE oils, emphasizing how practices that weren't considered critical in the past have become essential with modern systems and materials. In the second segment, Bryan sits down with Mike and Ashley from Refrigeration Technologies' Viper division, where they share the compelling origin story of their company. Mike recounts how his father, John Pastorello, a chemist who found himself taking an AC technician job in the 1980s, leveraged his chemistry background to develop superior products, starting with their flagship product, Big Blu. The conversation highlights Refrigeration Technologies' impressive growth, including their recent expansion to a campus-like facility with an additional 30,000 square feet and their achievement of making the Inc. 5000 list for three consecutive years. Ashley, their Director of Education and Brand Management, discusses their innovative approach to industry engagement, including their first-ever "Viper Bowl" competition and their commitment to safety in product development. Key Topics Covered in This Episode: Fieldpiece's 35-year journey and the evolution of HVAC-specific testing equipment Modern combustion analysis fundamentals and the importance of proper testing The JobLink system and its impact on documentation and customer communication Evolution of refrigerants, POE oils, and critical installation practices Refrigeration Technologies' origin story and growth from a family business to an industry leader Development and innovation of essential HVAC chemicals and tools under the Viper brand The importance of safety in product formulation and application Global expansion and market reach in the HVAC industry Impact of modern technology on HVAC diagnostics and documentation Training approaches and industry education initiatives Company cultures focused on innovation and problem-solving The role of family businesses in advancing HVAC technology   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 21 February 2025

In this episode, Bryan speaks with Manly, an HVAC professional from Manitoba, Canada, about his journey from working in his family's plumbing business to running his own HVAC company. Manly shares his experiences working in extreme cold weather conditions, where temperatures can drop to -30°C (-22°F), and discusses the unique challenges and emergency response strategies required in such a heating-dominated market. The conversation delves deep into the ethical aspects of running an HVAC business, with both Bryan and Manly sharing their Christian perspectives on business ethics, customer service, and professional integrity. They discuss the importance of honest communication with customers, admitting mistakes, and making decisions based on customers' needs rather than purely financial motivations. Manly emphasizes how his faith influences his business practices and decision-making, particularly when advising customers about repairs versus replacements. The discussion also explores the importance of continuous learning and professional development in the HVAC industry. Manly describes his experience returning to school in his forties to complete his air conditioning mechanic certification, highlighting how the industry requires constant adaptation and learning. Both professionals stress the value of building community within the trade and the importance of sharing knowledge to help others avoid making the same mistakes they've encountered. Key Topics Covered: Working in extreme cold weather conditions (-30°C/-22°F) Emergency heating solutions using construction heaters The transition from plumbing to HVAC Challenges of equipment sizing and customer education Business ethics and Christian principles in HVAC Importance of admitting mistakes and maintaining integrity Continuous learning and professional development Building community in the HVAC industry Balancing profit motives with customer needs Manitoba's two-tier licensing system for HVAC technicians Parts availability challenges and creative solutions Role of humility in professional growth Value of proper education and training in HVAC   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 20 February 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) and SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) and how to calculate EER in the field. EER and SEER are ratings that we often see on equipment (as are SEER2 and EER2) based on a ratio of an output to an input. Whereas coefficient of performance (COP) is a direct ratio of watts out to watts in, EER and SEER account for BTUs and watts. EER and SEER indicate the cooling capacity (in BTUs) we get from the watts we put in. The ratio changes based on field conditions, and EER2 and SEER2 have more realistic test conditions than EER and SEER (the static pressure for systems rated below 65,000 BTUs per hour was 0.1"wc for EER and SEER, and it is now 0.5"wc for EER2 and SEER2, which is much closer to average field conditions). To determine EER, you have to figure out BTU production and stack it against your wattage. You'll need to know your delta enthalpy (delta H), multiply it by the CFM, and then multiply the product of those by 4.5 to get your BTU output. A calculator on apps like measureQuick can help you find out your delta H, but you'll need a proper wet-bulb temperature before you can do that. You can determine CFM with a TrueFlow grid or manufacturer's blower charts. Finding watts can be a challenge with ECMs and inverter-driven systems; it's not as simple as volts x amps, and you will need a meter that can measure power factor and take readings from the condenser fan, compressor, and blower motor. That wattage becomes the number you divide into BTUs to get the EER. SEER is averaged over a season, HSPF is for heating instead of cooling, and you can convert the BTUs to watts (by multiplying by 3.41) and determine the ratio of watts out to watts in.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 18 February 2025

In this informative episode, Josh Souders from Copeland joins Bryan to dive deep into heat pump technology, discussing everything from basic operations to advanced features in cold climate applications. The conversation begins with a fundamental explanation of how heat pumps work, describing them as essentially air conditioners with a reversing valve that allows them to provide both heating and cooling. Josh explains the thermodynamic principles that enable heat pumps to extract heat from cold outdoor air and transfer it indoors, achieving coefficients of performance (COP) ranging from 1.5 to 3, making them significantly more efficient than traditional electric resistance heating. The discussion moves into the broader context of electrification and decarbonization, explaining how heat pumps fit into these environmental initiatives. Josh details how modern cold climate heat pumps have evolved significantly from earlier generations, particularly through the Department of Energy's Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge program. This program pushed manufacturers to develop systems capable of maintaining full heating capacity at very low temperatures, addressing historical concerns about heat pump performance in cold regions. Variable speed technology emerges as a key topic, with Josh explaining how modern inverter-driven compressors can operate across a wide range of speeds - from 900 to 7,000 RPM in their newest A2L products. This capability allows systems to maintain heating capacity in cold weather by increasing compressor speed when needed. The conversation also covers practical considerations for installation and troubleshooting, including the importance of proper defrost cycles, installation location, and the use of riser kits in snowy regions. Key Topics Covered: Basic heat pump operation and refrigeration cycle Electrification and decarbonization initiatives Cold climate heat pump capabilities and DOE challenge program Variable speed compressor technology Different types of heat pumps (air source, ground source, water source) Defrost cycles and their importance Installation considerations for cold climates Vapor injection technology and its benefits Available incentives and rebates for heat pump installation Troubleshooting tips for heat pump systems Low-GWP refrigerant considerations Resource links for contractors and homeowners Modern heat pump efficiency and performance improvements Resources mentioned: DSIRE USA website for state incentives (dsireusa.org) DOE rebate portal (energy.gov/save/rebates) Copeland heat pump information (hvacrschool.com/copeland-heat-pumps) Copeland Mobile app and White Rogers family of apps Copeland Training Hub for education resources   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 14 February 2025

In this podcast episode, Bryan, Jacob, and JD provide an in-depth look at a significant HVAC project that tested their team's ability to adapt, learn, and improve. The discussion centers on a large-scale apartment building project that presented numerous challenges in project management, team dynamics, and installation processes. What began as a chaotic and inefficient workflow ultimately transformed into a more streamlined and collaborative effort through careful analysis and strategic adjustments. The team candidly discusses their initial struggles with project management, particularly around materials handling, piecework compensation, and team coordination. They highlight the importance of moving from an individual-focused approach to an assembly-line mentality, which dramatically improved both productivity and team morale. The podcast reveals the critical nature of communication, ownership, and consistent processes in managing large-scale construction projects. A key theme throughout the discussion is the evolution of team culture and interpersonal dynamics. The participants emphasize that effective teamwork isn't about being friends, but about mutual respect, individual accountability, and collective goal achievement. They stress the importance of merit-based performance and creating a work environment where team members are motivated by productivity and quality rather than personal relationships or financial incentives. Key Topics Covered: Project scope: New ground-up apartment building HVAC installation Challenges with initial project management approaches Transition to assembly-line production methods Materials handling and staging strategies Piecework compensation challenges and improvements Team dynamics and communication Importance of consistent processes Breaking down installation into specialized tasks Balancing speed and quality of work Learning from project experiences for future improvements   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 13 February 2025

Join Bryan Orr as he goes Live from the AHR Expo 2025 at the Orange County Convention Center with Kalos Services team members Dre and Elliot! They share their first impressions of the massive HVAC industry expo, discuss interesting booth displays, and chat about the latest tools and technology they've spotted on the show floor. Get their perspective on what it's like to attend one of the largest HVAC/R trade shows in the world, featuring over 60,000 industry professionals from around the globe. The team discusses everything from impressive industrial equipment displays to innovative tools like Fieldpiece's new all-in-one leak detector. Special guest appearances and impromptu conversations with other industry professionals make this casual livestream a fun peek into the energy and excitement of AHR Expo 2025! Read all the tech tips, take the quizzes, and find our handy calculators at https://www.hvacrschool.com/ or the HVAC School Mobile App on the Google Play Store (https://hvacrschool.com/play-store) or App Store (https://hvacrschool.com/app-store).

Transcribed - Published: 11 February 2025

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about circuit board troubleshooting: is there a quick way to learn how to check circuit boards, and if so, where are those resources? A circuit board is a bunch of components put together on a printed circuit board (PCB). There isn't a lot of helpful universal information about circuit boards available, as they vary quite a bit by model and manufacturer. However, many of the basic components will be the same across circuit boards: microprocessors, diodes, relays, capacitors, and transformers. If you understand what these are on their own, that will help you understand what they do in circuit boards.  You mostly need to know the inputs, outputs, and sequence of operation of a circuit board to diagnose it. The sequence of operation tells you when certain things are supposed to happen, such as in an integrated furnace control (IFC); the flame rectification process is a classic example. If the flame can be proven, the operation continues; if it can't be proven, then that will cause a lockout (possibly due to improper grounding or poor placement and NOT necessarily because of the board). A lot of issues with the board can be diagnosed if you understand the inputs and outputs (e.g., 24v signals) or observe it with your senses, such as bloated capacitors or ant nests. Becoming a master of the obvious and checking the manufacturer's literature are the top two things you can do to diagnose circuit boards.   HVAC Control Systems by Ronnie Auvil Electricity for Refrigeration, Heating, and Air Conditioning by Russell Smith Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 11 February 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School Podcast, Trevor Matthews and Bryan dive deep into the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the refrigeration and HVAC industries. They explore how AI is not a new concept in their field, discussing how manufacturers like Copeland, Sporlan, and Danfoss have long incorporated AI-driven tools and repositories of information into their applications. The conversation goes beyond simple technological novelty, positioning AI as a powerful learning and troubleshooting assistant for technicians. The discussion highlights AI's role as a supportive tool rather than a job replacement. Trevor emphasizes that AI cannot physically perform trade-specific tasks like climbing ladders or brazing pipes, but it can provide invaluable guidance, explain complex procedures, and help technicians quickly access specialized knowledge. Particularly beneficial for less experienced technicians working late-night shifts or challenging service calls, AI can serve as an instant reference point, helping to jog memory and provide step-by-step troubleshooting guidance. Bryan and Trevor both stress the importance of approaching AI with curiosity and critical thinking. They advise against treating AI-generated information as absolute truth, instead recommending users ask follow-up questions, verify information, and use AI as a conversational learning tool. Trevor is actively developing a specialized AI platform for refrigeration training, working to train the system with industry-specific knowledge and real-world experience to create a more accurate and helpful resource for technicians. Key Topics Covered: AI's current applications in refrigeration and HVAC industries How AI can support technician learning and troubleshooting Strategies for effectively using AI tools The importance of maintaining technical knowledge while using AI Trevor's ongoing development of a specialized refrigeration AI training platform Practical examples of AI use in technical and non-technical scenarios Addressing concerns about AI potentially "dumbing down" the industry   For those interested in participating in Trevor's AI beta test, email [email protected] with the subject line "Looking to be included in the beta test for the refrigeration training AI." You can also visit the Refrigeration Mentor website at https://refrigerationmentor.com/.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 6 February 2025

In this short episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan and Tom Lorenz from Copeland talk about the new Sensi equipment interface. This product has been in field trials for months and will be launching in February. It will also be featured at the 2025 AHR Expo in Orlando. You can learn more about when and where the product launch will be at AHR at https://ahr25.mapyourshow.com/8_0/sessions/session-details.cfm?scheduleid=197.  Sensi is launching the new Sensi equipment interface module (indoor and outdoor), which eliminates the need to pull additional thermostat wire, and it's great for upgrades from A/C units to heat pumps or single-stage or multi-stage units. These have a strong wireless connection that can be picked up approximately 100 feet through walls. The ideal indoor application will be whenever you have single-stage to multi-stage upgrades and can't pull more wires. Outdoor applications are best for A/C-to-heat pump conversions and upgrades from single-stage to multi-stage. This module also contains outdoor sensors and can work with accessories like dehumidifiers. The Sensi equipment interface module has been tested in extreme weather conditions and has proven its durability. These will be launched as part of a kit with indoor and outdoor modules and a Sensi Touch 2 smart thermostat. The Sensi Touch 2 will also receive an upgrade to make it compatible with the new Sensi equipment interface module. The Sensi equipment interface module will also come with contractor branding capabilities, which is an option for Sensi smart thermostats and traditional White-Rodgers thermostats.    Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 4 February 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School Podcast, Bryan shares his perspective on the growing trend of private equity buyouts and investments in the trades, particularly in home services businesses. He addresses the "buyout epidemic" with a balanced view, acknowledging the significant financial opportunities these deals present while expressing concerns about their long-term impact on the industry and its people. Bryan discusses how private equity firms are particularly attracted to home services businesses due to their potential for high margins, especially through implementing standardized processes, sales training, and often significant price increases. While he doesn't condemn the pursuit of profits or sales training, he emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between technical expertise and sales capabilities. He shares his own experience receiving numerous buyout offers for his company, Kalos Services, and explains why he consistently refuses them despite the potential for substantial financial gain. The podcast delves into deeper questions about the purpose of business ownership and the true value of money. Bryan characterizes money as "liquid value" or "liquid effort" - a means to an end rather than an end itself. He challenges business owners to consider whether selling to private equity aligns with their core values and the long-term interests of their employees, customers, and the trades industry as a whole. He suggests that rather than selling to outside investors who aim to extract value, owners might be better served by implementing improvements themselves and maintaining control over their business's direction and culture. Key topics covered in the podcast: The current wave of private equity investment in home services and trades businesses Different private equity strategies, including "roll-up" acquisitions The relationship between sales training, pricing, and profit margins in home services The importance of maintaining technical training alongside sales capabilities The concept of money as "liquid value" and its proper role in business The challenges of maintaining business values and culture under outside ownership The difference between ownership that understands the trades versus pure financial ownership The potential long-term consequences of concentrated corporate ownership in the trades The value of building sustainable, independently-owned businesses The importance of developing internal leadership rather than selling to outside investors The balance between profitability and maintaining quality service The risks of prioritizing short-term financial gains over long-term industry health   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 30 January 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about the standing pilot gas systems and the ignition strategy in gas-fired appliances.  Standing pilots are very simple devices that are common in fuel logs, water heaters, and some pool heaters. These devices have a thermocouple or thermopile; in a thermocouple, two dissimilar metals are connected at one end, and there is an electron flow between the metals when one is heated up. A thermopile is a collection of thermocouples in series or parallel to generate more millivolt signals. (Both of these can be damaged if cleaned; don't mistake these for the flame rod! Flame rods can be cleaned with a delicate material.) To use a standing pilot, turn the dial to the pilot mode and press it in, which allows gas to come through the pilot. Then, you can light the gas (with a lighter or spark mechanism) and keep the dial depressed until there is enough heat generated on top of the thermocouple or thermopile, which allows it to lock in and keep the pilot lit (and pass the entire safety circuit). Then, you turn the gas valve on and let the main burner take over. If one safety is open, the entire circuit breaks to prevent unspent fuel from accumulating and causing a dangerous condition. One of the main challenges with standing pilots is that they are prone and very sensitive to corrosion due to the low voltage and current. Clean and tight connections can mitigate these risks.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 28 January 2025

Jim takes us all the way through the history of furnaces, from the Stone Age when he was a child to modern modulating condensing types. The goal of a furnace is to move heat, so a furnace uses heat exchangers to facilitate heat transfer. Furnaces have primary and secondary air. The primary air goes through the burner, and the secondary air goes around the flame and is pulled in around the heat exchanger inlet. So, the flame's heat creates a draft that pulls air in. Natural gas and oil (LP/propane) furnaces are common nowadays, but we initially burned wood and coal in furnaces. The first gas furnaces came into existence by modifying coal, not from the gas lines we see nowadays. Long ago, the flue gases were also exhausted to the basement; CO poisoning was less of a concern back then, as combustion was usually complete. Burning the building was a much more severe risk. The first “gas crisis” in the 1970s forced us to focus on gas furnace efficiency. In that time, we developed spill switches and retrofit kits that converted furnaces over to spark ignition. In the 1980s, we came out with the draft-induced 80% furnaces we see nowadays. We also eliminated standing pilots and draft diverters. Even though the appliances became more efficient, we didn't actually burn the gas any more efficiently. So, despite the technological advancements we've made over the years, we don't actually burn gas any more efficiently than we did in the 1930s. However, our modern furnace technology has eliminated standby losses, controlled ignition, and focused on the role of latent heat in combustion. Jim also discusses: Flame color and types Draft hoods and diverters Products of complete combustion Excess air: a double-edged sword Natural ventilation Efficiency percentages Furnace testing and ratings Turbulators Modulation   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Take the HVAC School Industry Pulse Survey by WorkHero at https://hvacrschool.com/workhero.  Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 23 January 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about heat exchangers and temperature rise in gas furnaces, especially 80% open-combustion gas furnaces. Temperature rise is the difference between the return air temperature and supply air temperature; in cooling, we usually refer to this difference as a delta T or temperature split. The manufacturer sets a target range on the data plate; high-efficiency furnaces tend to have lower temperature rise targets than mid-efficiency or older furnaces. We want to heat the space and not waste heat on surfaces (like duct surfaces). For that reason, the goal is to stay in the middle of the temperature rise range or slightly on the lower side for peak efficiency, better heat transfer, proper airflow, proper venting, and protection of the heat exchanger.  In mid-efficiency furnaces, we don't want the temperature rise to be too low, as cooler gases can condense. High-efficiency condensing furnaces have a dedicated condensate system, but 80% furnaces do not. That condensation can corrode the heat exchanger, which makes it vulnerable to cracks. Cracked heat exchangers may also happen when the temperature rise is too high, and they are dangerous due to carbon monoxide (CO) leaks; check for abnormal flame movement and color. Lower-temperature air is also uncomfortable if the registers are in locations where blowing air on people is inevitable. We can reduce the temperature rise by increasing the heating airflow, which can sometimes be done by re-tapping constant-torque and PSC motors or changing ECM settings. However, restrictive filters and ductwork may also cause that problem, and they need to be addressed.     Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Take the HVAC School Industry Pulse Survey by WorkHero at https://hvacrschool.com/industrypulse.  Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 21 January 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan shares his "Manufacturer Responsibility Manifesto," a document he wrote over two years ago but held back from publishing until now. The manifesto addresses growing concerns about the burden being placed on HVAC contractors, particularly smaller businesses, due to manufacturing quality issues and warranty policies. The industry has undergone significant changes since the 1990s, including stricter refrigerant regulations and an increase in parts failures. While manufacturers offer longer warranty periods now than in the past (often 10+ years compared to 3-5 years previously), these warranties often don't cover crucial expenses like refrigerant, brazing rods, fittings, and labor costs. This leaves contractors in a difficult position of either absorbing these costs or charging customers and potentially damaging relationships. The manifesto calls for manufacturers to take greater responsibility for their products, particularly during the warranty period. Bryan proposes that manufacturers should reimburse contractors for total costs (including labor) for manufacturer-caused repairs within the first year, and cover parts and ancillary materials (including refrigerant) during the subsequent warranty period. He argues that this would incentivize manufacturers to improve product quality and reduce environmental impact, as they would bear more of the financial responsibility for failures and refrigerant losses. Key topics covered in the podcast: Evolution of HVAC industry regulations since the 1990s Increase in parts failures compared to previous decades Impact of global supply chain issues on part quality and availability Environmental concerns regarding refrigerant leaks and equipment waste Warranty coverage limitations and their impact on contractors Disparity between domestic and overseas manufacturing quality Financial burden on small contracting businesses Need for clear standards to differentiate manufacturer vs contractor-caused failures Proposal for comprehensive warranty coverage including ancillary materials Environmental responsibility and accountability in manufacturing Role of manufacturers in industry sustainability Impact of private equity and large companies on the industry Need for improved quality control in manufacturing Relationship between warranty policies and contractor-customer trust Call for industry-wide collaboration to implement changes   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Take the HVAC School Industry Pulse Survey by WorkHero at https://hvacrschool.com/industrypulse.  Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 16 January 2025

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question and gives some of his tips for moving to HVAC sales from field technician/installer roles. The world of sales has a different pay structure, which makes it an appealing option to many technicians. Salespeople need to be able to have money conversations with confidence and not be afraid to talk about pricing. You can practice these conversations with friends or fellow technicians, including answering questions and responding to objections. Sales confidence is another key to success in sales. Many successful sales techs go into sales with the assumption that the client wants to work with them and aren't timid because they're confident they'll make the sale. Great salespeople also seek out feedback to learn and grow from. Many great salespeople in the HVAC industry also benefit from learning about load calculations, equipment selection, and duct design, particularly via the ACCA manuals and software like Wrightsoft and Kwik Model 3D. The HVAC Grapevine, NCI, and TEC all have great educational resources about building science. Deploying test instruments, including blower doors, duct blasters, and thermal imaging cameras, also gives you vital information about the structure and shows clients that you're going above and beyond for their comfort; you're delivering quality and doing so with integrity. Communication skills are a crucial part of sales, and the best thing you can do to start honing your communication skills is to ask good questions and listen for valuable answers. Empathy is also important in sales, and it's most effective when you can understand your client's priorities.     Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Take the HVAC School Industry Pulse Survey by WorkHero at https://hvacrschool.com/industrypulse.  Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 14 January 2025

This unique podcast episode is a commentary on the phenomenon of "white shirt techs" in the HVAC industry - a term that refers to technicians who focus heavily on sales and maintaining a pristine appearance rather than technical expertise. While there's nothing inherently wrong with having good sales skills or maintaining a professional appearance, there needs to be a balance with actual technical competency. The episode serves as part of a manifesto series heading into 2025, addressing important industry trends and concerns. There is a delicate balance between sales and service in the HVAC industry, particularly in residential services. Some companies and technicians may prioritize metrics like average ticket price and five-star reviews over providing genuine solutions to customers' problems. While it's important to discuss money and options with clients, we shouldn't resort to fear tactics or make promises that products can't fulfill, particularly in areas like indoor air quality solutions and UV lights. The podcast raises important questions about professional identity and integrity in the HVAC field. Technicians should occasionally step back and think about whether they've lost their passion for actually fixing equipment and solving technical problems in favor of focusing solely on sales. He argues that the best residential technicians maintain their interest in the mechanical aspects of the work, even as they develop their customer service and sales skills. The episode concludes with a call for technicians and companies to invest more time in technical training and to maintain their commitment to solving real problems rather than just selling solutions. Key Topics Covered: Definition and characteristics of "white shirt technicians" The balance between sales skills and technical expertise Problems with fear-based selling and overpromising in HVAC The importance of third-party verification for product claims Discussion of specific products like surge protectors and UV lights The role of maintenance agreements and their value proposition The future sustainability of sales-first business models The importance of maintaining passion for the technical aspects of HVAC Professional appearance versus technical competency The relationship between pricing and actual value delivered The role of customer reviews and their potential manipulation Training priorities: technical skills versus sales techniques   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 9 January 2025

In this short podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about double flares and their application in the HVAC/R industry. Flare connections are common in certain types of equipment, and they connect the copper to the appliance. As a result, when we make a flare, our goal is to make it leak-free. A regular flare requires you to cut the copper, clean it, put the flare nut on, and make the flare with a flaring block (or a flaring tool). You can also put a little bit of oil on the flare cone to prevent galling. Modern power flaring tools are common nowadays, especially in markets where we install a lot of mini-splits. We also use torque wrenches to tighten the flare connection according to the manufacturer's specs. In mission-critical applications where we have toxic or flammable refrigerants under high pressure, we especially want leak-free connections. Double flares make more sense in these scenarios for extra security (though we may use different connection types). A double flare requires you to use a double-flare die that flares over the edge, though those double-flare dies are more common in older flaring kits and may not exist for power tools or spin tools.    Double flares are usually less practical than other alternatives that exist on the market. For example, some manufacturers make flare gaskets to reduce the likelihood of leaks, and these are functionally similar to a double flare.    Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 7 January 2025

In this episode of the HVAC School Podcast, Bryan interviews Zach about duct coatings and their applications in HVAC systems, particularly focusing on the Hardcast RE500 product. The discussion delves into the importance of proper duct coating applications and their benefits for both contractors and customers. Zach, who has extensive experience in duct cleaning and restoration, shares his expertise on the proper application and benefits of duct coating systems. The conversation explores how modern ductboard comes with a clear coat that offers some protection, but additional coating can provide significant benefits, especially in high-velocity areas near equipment. They discuss how coating creates a smoother, more cleanable surface that's almost comparable to sheet metal in terms of friction resistance. Zach emphasizes that coating should only be applied after proper cleaning, as it's not meant to cover up dirty ducts but rather to protect and improve cleaned surfaces. A significant portion of the discussion centers around the practical applications for HVAC contractors, particularly during equipment changeouts. Bryan proposes the idea of coating the first 5-10 feet of ductwork near equipment during changeouts, as these areas experience the highest velocity and are most susceptible to fiber shedding and moisture issues. The conversation also addresses the cost-effectiveness of coating versus replacement, with the coating being approximately one-fourth to one-fifth the cost of replacement. Key Topics Covered: Hardcast RE500 duct coating product and its applications Benefits of duct coating, including reduced friction, fiber containment, and improved cleanability The importance of proper surface preparation before coating application Comparison between coated ductboard and sheet metal surfaces Drying and curing times for duct coatings The relationship between duct cleaning and coating services Cost comparison between coating and replacement Special considerations for coastal environments NADCA certification and training requirements The importance of proper application techniques and professional certification Health and safety considerations regarding fiberglass ductwork The role of duct coating in preventative maintenance Application methods, including airless sprayer and brush/bucket techniques Quality control and industry standards for duct coating   Learn more about NADCA at https://nadca.com/.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

Transcribed - Published: 2 January 2025

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about metacognition and more about critical thinking, reflective analysis, and challenging biases. Metacognition is the ability to think about thinking; it's about breaking things down, noticing your own thoughts, and understanding the "why" behind their thoughts. Metacognition is beneficial when applied to the "wide" aspects of the "wide-narrow-wide" mindset; it helps with broad analysis and is less useful during the narrow phase when you want a flow state. Unpacking our biases is useful, but it's most important in positions of power. Biases and assumptions have the most widespread effect when they're leveraged on others by authority figures, but they show up in any position of power (or lack thereof). Many of these are baked into us as mental shortcuts called heuristics, which are the same things that tell us not to touch stoves for survival; they're ingrained, but we have to be able to challenge those and unpack the reasons when it comes to assumptions about other people. However, this activity is time-consuming and not best used in situations where immediate action is needed. Humans have a strong proclivity for pattern recognition for survival reasons. However, one of the downsides of strong pattern recognition is the risk of associating correlation and causation without taking the proper investigative steps to confirm the relationship between things. The scientific method exists to test a hypothesis and explore the relationship between things in our world. Learning and being open to complex relationships are components of a great mindset to apply to HVAC work as well, and humility and curiosity are at the forefront.   Franco, Zeno E., Kathy Blau, and Philip G. Zimbardo. "Heroism: A conceptual analysis and differentiation between heroic action and altruism." Review of general psychology 15.2 (2011): 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022672 Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android.

Transcribed - Published: 31 December 2024

In today's podcast, Bryan talks with legendary Hydronics author and trainer Dan Holohan about the history of steam heating and some practical applications of old ideas. Recently, Dan has been working on more novels, having published two of them over the past few months. Steam heating is a “lost art” nowadays; it has become increasingly uncommon and has been disappearing since the Vietnam War. Many people who understood steam heating either retired or died after the Vietnam War. Many elements of steam heating are difficult to understand or surprising. (For example, steam pressure has a surprising relationship with velocity: low-pressure steam moves through piping much more quickly than high-pressure steam.) So, Dan Holohan is on a mission to revive that knowledge and teach the newer generations about the lost art. There are many older steam heating systems still operating today, especially in the older large buildings in New York. Dan learned a lot about steam heating when working on these old systems and optimizing them. Most of the time, he optimized those systems by removing unnecessary accessories, not by adding components like steam traps. Many old boilers used coal as a heat source. Nowadays, many old boilers have been fitted with conversion oil burners with thermostats, but they are still piped for coal. Some systems now have multiple risers or massive vents on the main riser to prevent the thermostats from getting too hot too early and satisfying the thermostat too early. We call that master venting, which reduces pressure and allows steam to move very quickly and efficiently. Dan also discusses: The 2-PSI standard Transportation metaphors for BTUs in steam Harmful renovations for old boilers Replacement vs. restoration mindsets Gaps in steam boiler education Monopolizing the market if you HAVE the education Boiler piping and venting Two-pipe vs one-pipe steam   Find out more about Dan and hydronic heating at HeatingHelp.com. Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android.

Transcribed - Published: 26 December 2024

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about superheat, including what it is and how we measure it. Superheat is the number of degrees a refrigerant is above its saturation point. The saturation point is where you will have a liquid-vapor mix, so superheat only exists when a substance is a vapor. Saturated refrigerant should only exist in the evaporator and condenser, during which it is being boiled or condensed.  We usually measure superheat at the evaporator coil outlet and compressor inlet. The superheat at the evaporator outlet is usually around 5-14 degrees Fahrenheit, and it's often between 10 and 20 degrees at the compressor inlet (compressor superheat). However, many systems try to get lower superheat values, and some manufacturers may require higher superheat values at the compressor inlet to prevent liquid refrigerant from getting into the compressor. Accumulators can help keep liquid refrigerant out of the system as well. We may also measure superheat coming out of the compressor on the discharge line (discharge superheat); this superheat may exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Discharge superheat can let you know if the compressor is overheating the oil and causing breakdown or carbonization. We use superheat to set the charge for fixed-orifice metering devices (as opposed to subcooling for TXVs), as superheat is a measure of how well we're feeding our evaporator coil. When the system is off, the superheat will be 0. A system will equalize, and the refrigerant will be at saturation when that happens.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android.

Transcribed - Published: 24 December 2024

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan interviews Zach from Southeast Clean Air Solutions about the intricacies of professional duct cleaning. Zach specializes in addressing duct cleaning challenges specific to the Southeastern climate, with a particular focus on fiberglass-lined ducts. The conversation delves into the complexities of cleaning different types of duct systems, highlighting the significant variations in time, technique, and approach depending on the duct materials and home configuration. The discussion reveals that duct cleaning is far more nuanced than many homeowners realize. A typical residential duct cleaning can take between six to eight hours, with metal ductwork being significantly faster to clean than flexible ducts or fiberglass-lined systems. Zach emphasizes the importance of careful cleaning techniques, especially with delicate flex ducts that can easily be punctured or damaged during the cleaning process. He recommends a two-person approach, with one team member working inside the home and another in the attic or crawl space to ensure thorough and safe cleaning. Beyond the cleaning process, the podcast explores critical maintenance strategies for maintaining clean and efficient HVAC systems. Zach and Bryan discuss the importance of proper filtration, home maintenance, and understanding when duct cleaning is truly necessary. They challenge the common misconception of a fixed cleaning schedule, instead advocating for system assessment based on specific conditions like household dust, humidity, and the health needs of home occupants. Key Topics Covered: Duct cleaning techniques for different duct materials (metal, flexible, fiberglass-lined) Time requirements for professional duct cleaning Challenges of cleaning ducts in various home configurations Importance of proper filtration and maintenance Factors determining duct cleaning frequency Risks associated with poorly maintained duct systems Two-person approach to thorough and safe duct cleaning Specialized considerations for homes in humid climates Post-cleaning sealant application for fiberglass-lined ducts   Learn more about NADCA and find certified duct cleaning contractors at https://nadca.com/.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.  Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.   Subscribe to our YouTube channel.  Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android.

Transcribed - Published: 19 December 2024