This is CBSI on the world. I'm John Batchel, speaking with colleagues, Alan Howard, Daniel

Lussbaum and Brenda Schaefer of the Naval Postgraduate School. Their new volume, which is a teaching

volume, for professionals in the military and those attached through the U.S. government,

about operational energy here in the 21st century attached through the U.S. government about operational energy here

in the 21st century. There are many historical examples and there are contemporary examples,

the war in Ukraine, for example. However, we're going to look to the future, and the future

involves taking into account the energy expenditure of the services.

Brenda, I begin with you because what is striking to me, I've never seen it written down,

is the extreme disparity between the services and energy demand consistent from the

that you provide since fiscal year 2014. The Army is needful.

You know, they boast about their big tanks that it's not miles per gallon. It's gallons per

mile. But the overwhelming demand is by the U.S. Air Force. Did that surprise you, Brenda, when you saw those numbers, that it's more than all the rest of them combined?

Right.

The fact that it's so disproportional, yes, that that did surprise me.

But if we think of modern warfare and even in between, you know, the real battles, right?

The ships and the air forces are constantly in maneuvers.

They're constantly deployed around the world.

And if we think of what's the demand of the United States in military today

to be in a short time over vast distances, potentially with averse weather.

And now we can even imagine being deployed in two or more places at the same time, you know,

really only that the Navy and the Air Force can deliver that kind of power.

But also think of the energy needs that

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