This is CBSI on the world.

I'm John Batson visiting with Alan Howard, Daniel Lussbaum, and Brenda Schaefer of the Naval Postgraduate School.

A new book, Operational Energy, is defining the way the military must think about its future.

And one way to do that is to think about its past or case studies where energy is at the center of a struggle.

Brenda, I go to you because I learned from you about the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict

and the trigger for the last episodes that left Azerbaijan content that it has regained its territory and Armenia wounded.

But it was a missile strike at a particular part of Azerbaijan that early on in the conflict

that you identified to me is extremely provocative.

Just one missile near a one part of Azerbaijan. What was

that and why is it important to pay attention to all elements of energy when in war, Brenda?

Right. Thank you, John. So the Armenia-Azerbaijan war during fall 2020, in which Azerbaijan was able to reassert its

sovereignty over its territories that had been occupied for 30 years, had a lot of energy elements.

So one of them was the war broke out on the eve of the initiation of operations of the southern gas corridor. This is a

massive pipeline project that brings Azerbaijani gas into Europe. It was the first new volumes of

gas into Europe. Like you had had rerouting of Russian gas, you know, with North Stream 2 and with

other pipelines, but this was the first diversification.

So obviously, Russia and its ally, Armenia, wanted to preempt this. So a big part of the

timing of this war, the initiation of the war, especially the attacks that took place on the eve of

the real face-to-face battle between the two countries was really on the hills above the southern gas

corridor and, you know, made to potentially disrupt these supplies or, you know, not begin the

initiation. So it's something for us to think about when we think about, you know, energy security,

you know, that our adversaries are going to constantly try to undermine

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