3. Headline: The Innovation and Controversy of Voodoo MacbethGuest Author: James Shapiro Orson Welles modernized *Macbeth* by setting it in 19th-century Haiti, substituting traditional witches for voodoo drumming and chanting. This "Voodoo Macbeth"became a national sensation, touring cities like Dallas and breaking local Jim Crow laws. Despite its success, the production faced scrutiny; Langston Hughesexpressed ambivalence, questioning whether the project truly represented the Black experience or merely used Black performers to tell white stories for white audiences. The play's impact on interracial performance remains a subject of cultural discussion regarding representation and voice. (3)

1938 ILLINOIS