I'm John Bachelor with Gregory Copley, my colleague in the Arctic.

Over the next 70 years,

we're told that the Arctic sea lanes are opening, climate change, and that those sea lanes are

highly valuable into the indefinite future, because the amount of time to get from East Asia to Northern Europe is cut down dramatically.

In addition, there is the security concern, which is why Greenland, which is why Canada, which is why Russia.

And China asserts it is a near Arctic state, which is nonsensible, but powers do it. All right, the Arctic, Gregory.

Is it something that can be secured? Is there ice fields, even if they're breaking up? Is it

something to possess? Or is it going to be like the sea lanes of any of the major oceans, everybody can use them?

Well, theoretically, and what Canada, for example, and Greenland, Denmark support is that

the Northwest Passage across the top of the North American continent would be available for

open shipping. The reality is that much of it comes within the economic zone

and territorial zone of Canada itself.

Yes.

And so this basically is why the United States has, since the Obama administration, been

working to try to cut down Canada's credible domination of that

northwest passage. We have to bear in mind another thing, that is that the solar sunflare

activity or solar activity is essentially looking like giving a window of ice-free passage

across the northwest passage for only about the next 10 to 20 years. So it may not be

into the indefinite future that this is a viable east-west transport route. It could last long. We don't know, but the

sunflare activity is particularly important in opening up the Northwest Passage in the last

few years. The other thing we have to bear in mind is that this is not just about Arctic issues because we have parallel

issues with the Antarctic, which nobody is talking about in the knowledge, though, that the

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