Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be

going through hyperthyroidism. If you want to follow along with written notes on this topic,

you can follow along at zero tofinals.com slash hypothyroidism or in the endocrinology section of the zero to finals medicine book. So let's get straight into

it. Hyperthyroidism is where there's overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis

refers to an abnormal and excessive quantity of thyroid hormone in the body.

Primary hyperthyroidism is due to thyroid pathology. The problem is in the thyroid itself,

and it's behaving abnormally and producing excessive thyroid hormone.

Secondary hyperthyroidism is the condition where the thyroid is producing excessive thyroid hormone

as a result of over-stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the pathology is in the

hypothalamus or the pituitary gland. Graves disease is an autoimmune condition where TSH receptor

antibodies cause a primary hypothyroidism.

These TSH receptor antibodies are abnormal antibodies produced by the immune system that mimic TSAH

and they stimulate the TSA receptors on the thyroid gland. This is the most common cause of

hyperthyrodism.

A toxic multinodular goitre, which is also known as Plummer's Disease, is a condition

where nodules develop on the thyroid gland that act independently of the normal feedback

system and continuously produce excessive thyroid hormone.

Exophthalmus is the term used to describe bulging of the eyeball out of the eye socket

caused by Graves disease and this is due to inflammation, swelling and hypertrophy of the tissue

behind the eyeball that forces the eyeball forwards.

And this is a response to the Tsh receptor antibodies.

Pretibial myoxedema is a dermatological condition where there's deposits of musin under the skin

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