This is a

CBSI in the world. I'm John Bachelor with Tanya Bronakin.

It was eight years reporting for the Guardian in China in that in that time she pursued and captured thoughts about

the Red Guard of 1966 to 76 is an irony here Many of whom participants are now senior and are not necessarily going to be with us long.

So this is the memory of that period, but Tanya also spends time with

psychiatrist, psychologist, psychotherapists in a meeting in Shanghai.

And I'm struck by how they regard this as, I wrote down from Dr. Yang he calls it Maoist hysteria. What does he mean, Tanya?

I think that may have been my phrase rather than his, but it was a time of, it was a convulsion.

I mean there was something about the Cultural Revolution itself that was a sort of collective

hysteria or collective delusion, you might say.

As I said, there were motives that we would definitely recognize that will come into any kind of big campaign or movement, I suppose.

People always have their personal interests, grudges, ambition, all of those things.

But there was also a level of real belief of fear for the

revolution of zealotry that really did trans fix and grip the country. People really believed.

Now we come to Dr. Chen, who talks about eating bitterness. What does that mean?

It's a very common idiom in China, you come across it a lot and it really means sort of suffering and getting on with suffering.

Just getting on with it. It's something you'll see in job adverts, for example, that people will talk about sort of saying you know we want a

worker who can eat bitterness it means we want somebody who's not going

to moan and is kind of going to buckle down but it's also something that people will quite often talk about with a certain kind of pride

but it's also of course quite fatalistic because it's the sort of the power of the powerless in a sense it's what you do when you

can't do anything else. I think at one point you report there 20,000 psychiatrists or

psychologists I wasn't sure.

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