Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going through Undesended Testes.

And you can find notes at 0.0.5 and in the 0 to Finals Pediatrics book.

And you can find flashcards and questions at members.02 Finals.com. So let's jump straight in.

Undesended testes, which is also known as crypto orchidism, occurs where one or both testes have

not descended into the scrotum. It occurs in around 5% of boys and is screened for during

the newborn baby checks at birth and 6 to 8 weeks. During fetal development, the testes develop

in the abdomen and then they gradually migrate down through the inguinal canal and into

the scrotum. They have normally reached the scrotum before birth. An undescended testicle

might be palpable in the inguinal region if it has exited the abdominal cavity but not fully descended into the scrotum.

The testes will descend in most cases by six months of age. The longer it takes, the less likely it is that it will happen spontaneously.

Prolonged undescended testes increases the risk of testicular torsion,

infertility and testicular cancer.

Let's go through the risk factors.

The risk factors for undescended testes are a family history of

undescended testes, a low birth weight, being small for gestational age, prematureity, and when the

mother smokes during pregnancy.

Next let's talk about management.

Bilateral impalpable testes, where the testicles can't be felt in the scrotum or the inguinal region, requires an urgent senior review.

For newborns with underscended testes, where at least one testicle is palpable

either in the scrotum or the ingranal canal, repeated assessments are required at six to eight

weeks, which would normally happen with the newborn baby check, and at four to five months. Referral to pediatric

urology is indicated if both testes are not fully descended by four to five months.

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