Toxic shock syndrome and tampon safety
Witness History
BBC
4.5 • 1.6K Ratings
🗓️ 17 February 2026
⏱️ 11 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
In 1980, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) emerged as a public health crisis among women who used tampons.
There were hundreds of cases, and The Centers for Disease Control linked deaths from TSS to super-absorbent tampons.
The Food and Drug Administration responded by assembling a ‘Tampon Task Force’ in 1982 to develop safety standards.
A researcher called Nancy King Reame was recruited to run the independent laboratory testing. Her work helped establish the first national absorbency standards for tampons. Golda Arthur speaks to Nancy King Reame.
Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more. Recent episodes explore everything from the death of Adolf Hitler, the first spacewalk and the making of the movie Jaws, to celebrity tortoise Lonesome George, the Kobe earthquake and the invention of superglue. We look at the lives of some of the most famous leaders, artists, scientists and personalities in history, including: Eva Peron – Argentina’s Evita; President Ronald Reagan and his famous ‘tear down this wall’ speech; Thomas Keneally on why he wrote Schindler’s List; and Jacques Derrida, France’s ‘rock star’ philosopher. You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the civil rights swimming protest; the disastrous D-Day rehearsal; and the death of one of the world’s oldest languages.
(Photo: Tampons. Credit: Getty Images)
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | BBC Sounds, Music, Radio Podcasts. |
| 0:05.6 | Oh, hello. You have chosen a BBC podcast, but before you listen to it, we thought you might like our podcast too. |
| 0:12.1 | You might. You might. It is called Sightraught with me Nick Grimshaw. |
| 0:15.2 | And me, Annie Mack. And we talk about the week in music. |
| 0:18.2 | All the news, all the cultural happenings in the UK and beyond. |
| 0:22.2 | And great guests. |
| 0:23.3 | And it's on BBC Sounds. |
| 0:24.7 | Yes, where you can also enjoy lots of playlists, music mixes and live radio. |
| 0:29.9 | Everything from my six music breakfast show to Radio 3 Unwind. |
| 0:34.5 | But obviously start with our podcast, sidetrack. |
| 0:36.3 | Obviously. |
| 0:36.7 | Obviously. |
| 0:37.9 | So if you like music, listen on BBC Sounds. |
| 0:45.7 | BBC World Service. |
| 0:47.4 | And now Witness History with me, Golda Arthur. |
| 0:50.9 | I'm taking you back to 1980 in the United States when tampon usage was linked to a deadly |
| 0:57.2 | bacterial infection, which caused toxic shock syndrome. I've been speaking to the woman who helped |
| 1:03.7 | make tampons safer. There were 800 cases in 1980 alone, and 40 of them resulted in deaths, And these were young women, mostly, who were dying, all linked with this commonality of using tampons. |
| 1:18.6 | Nancy King Ream was a young researcher in the early 80s, who was studying hormones and the menstrual cycle. She was paying close attention as the cases of toxic shock |
| 1:28.6 | syndrome gathered public attention. Here's a report from local station KCAU in Iowa. |
| 1:34.2 | I could barely move my arms and my legs. They were real weak. In my eyes, they had their blood |
| 1:41.5 | shot and they had hemorrhages in them. Researchers believe TSS starts with a vaginal infection. |
... |
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