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Today on Forbes, this Tesla veteran is running a copper mine with AI-powered robots.

Mariana Mineral's CEO and co-founder Turner Caldwell is betting that the next big use for AI won't be another chatbot.

It will be a copper mine.

His startup, Mariana Minerals, launched what it says is the world's first autonomous mining

operation last week at its copper one mine in remote southeast Utah.

Automated drills do the digging, giant robotic haul trucks move ore for processing,

and an AI-enabled platform called Mariana OS will track and direct the entire operation.

The company is even using Boston Dynamics' Spot Robot Dog, packed with sensors,

to patrol the 10,000-acre site and inspect conditions.

If it works, Mariana could help boost both U.S. copper supply and U.S. copper refining, as demand for the metal

climbs and the politics around so-called critical minerals grows louder. In a few years, the

company could be generating hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue from both the Utah

copper mine and a separate lithium refining operation its setting up in Texas, recovering the mineral from wastewater from oil and gas fields.

Caldwell told Forbes, quote,

This will be the first mine operating with end-to-end autonomy.

When we look at the opportunity of autonomous mining and autonomous refining,

we see the potential for a 30% reduction in refining costs and a 40%

to 50% reduction in mining costs.

Mariana's platform analyzes the or it's collecting in real time from sensor data, while also

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