In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was in decline and was often called the Sick Man of Europe.

The Ottomans, like the Qing Dynasty in China and Imperial Russia, had failed to implement the forces that had modernized European nations.

A group known as the Young Turks developed a strong admiration for the West and were determined to modernize their country.

And in the process, things went very off course.

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At its height, the Ottoman Empire was a marvel.

The Ottomans ruled a vast territory encompassing a wide range of ethnicities and languages,

had a highly functioning bureaucracy,

and an elite military equipped with modern gunpowder weapons. But a prolonged gradual deterioration,

characterized by financial problems and the loss of influence, marked the Ottoman Empire's

struggle for survival throughout the 19th century. Two events stand out that were representative

of the decline of the Ottoman world that gave rise to the Young Turk movement. In 1838,

the Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Balt a Lehman with the United Kingdom. The treaty granted

the British a series of wide-ranging economic capitulations from the Ottomans,

effectively turning the Ottoman Empire into a British free trade zone, where British merchants enjoyed immunity from Ottoman laws.

This imposing restriction on Ottoman sovereignty was difficult for many in the Ottoman world to accept.

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