The Language of Freedom
Moral Maze
BBC
4.4 • 623 Ratings
🗓️ 4 October 2023
⏱️ 57 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Michael Buerk chairs a special Moral Maze debate recorded at 'HowTheLightGetsIn' festival of philosophy and music.
The language of freedom permeates our political debate. In the US, it may be a decisive battleground in the 2024 presidential election. The problem is that people mean very different things by it. Is it freedom from government regulation or freedom to have an abortion? Freedom of speech or freedom from discrimination? Freedom to own a gun or freedom for communities to ban them?
A distinction is often made between positive and negative freedom. Negative freedom is the absence of constraints (‘freedom from’) – while positive freedom is the possibility of acting in such a way as to take control of one’s life (‘freedom to’). Libertarians often see individual freedom - the private enjoyment of one’s life and goods, free from interference – as the most fundamental value that any society should pursue and protect. This view is challenged by those who believe wealth, health and educational inequalities inevitably mean some people are more free than others, and seek instead to promote the collective freedom of society as a whole.
If a society in which there is a complete absence of restraint is as dystopian as one in which our every action is controlled, how should we navigate the trade-offs between individual freedom and other goods, like security and collective wellbeing? Is the language of freedom helpful or harmful in negotiating our political differences? Deeper question: what does it mean for a human being to be free?
With guests: Konstantin Kisin, Sophie Howe and James Orr.
Producer: Dan Tierney.
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, Podcasts. |
| 0:04.6 | Hello, freedom is the word on every politician's lips, the sovereign virtue at the heart of |
| 0:09.4 | almost every issue, argument or campaign. Freedom will be the winner in Ukraine, President |
| 0:15.0 | Zelenskyy declared at the weekend. It was freedom that was at stake for them and for us, |
| 0:19.9 | he said. The upcoming American presidential election is already a slanging match between candidates who say they are for freedoms, their opponents would strip them away. |
| 0:29.3 | Here, Brexit was couched in terms of freedom. |
| 0:32.4 | The end of COVID regulations actually declared Freedom Day, and our endless culture wars devolve into a conflict between |
| 0:39.5 | freedom of expression and freedom from discrimination or offence. The trouble is that freedom |
| 0:45.1 | means different, sometimes contradictory things. Philosophers from John Stuart Mill to Isaiah Berlin |
| 0:50.9 | have long distinguished between liberty and freedom, freedom from, constraints, |
| 0:55.6 | official and otherwise, and freedom too do what you want, or at least are able to do. |
| 1:00.8 | Libertarians prize individual freedom above all things, but inequality means some are inevitably |
| 1:06.2 | more free than others, and there are those who prefer a notion of collective freedom vested more in security |
| 1:12.0 | and well-being. Above all, there's the perennial question of where lines should be drawn. My freedom |
| 1:18.2 | to swing my fist stops at your face. That's easy. How far my freedom to say what I like should be |
| 1:24.1 | constrained by the impact that it has on others is much more complicated. |
| 1:28.5 | Do our ideas of freedom help or hinder resolving our problems and differences? |
| 1:33.6 | Deeper question, what does it actually mean for a human to be free? |
| 1:38.0 | That's our moral maze, our panel, Anne McHelvoy from the Politico News and Policy website, |
| 1:43.2 | Ash Sarka from the Navarra Media Group, |
| 1:46.0 | the commentator and campaigner Inaya Filarin Eman, and Carmody Gray, assistant professor |
| 1:51.0 | of Catholic theology at Durham University. Thank you. |
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