If you're an innovator in 2022 and you're looking at climate, I mean, there's more capital

available for you than you could ever imagine in a different situation.

Hello, welcome to Wise This Happening with me, your host, Chris Hayes.

Well, you know, an interesting thing happens when you record a special series and you have to do it ahead of time,

which is that a lot can change in the world between when you record it and when you release it.

This conversation today, we recorded prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and it's a conversation focusing on energy

and there's a lot of stuff in there, I think all of it's still relevant, but the context in which you might hear it on

Trumpet is in some ways going to be necessarily a little different after what has happened with the Russian invasion of Ukraine,

particularly around the prevalence of hydrocarbons, their connection to Europe, Russia's power, and also nuclear power,

which has been at the center of the story.

We touch on it in this conversation, you've got civilian nuclear power in the form of nuclear power plants in Ukraine,

which have been fired upon attacked or occupied by Russian forces, their safety concerns there.

There's also of course nuclear weapons, which have been hinted at or pointed to by the Putin regime.

So we figured it was worth keeping in all the discussion on nuclear because it's still relevant,

even though I think there's ways in which the context of it or the concerns around safety might be heightened now in light of the recent developments.

All right, very, very quick history of human life on the planet.

We've been around as a species for like 250,000 years, somewhere in that ballpark for 99.999.999.999.999.999.

We're basically operating off solar power.

We use the sun, the sun grows stuff, we use it to feed us.

We come up some mills on water, we dam water, we come up with wind, some wind that we can use to harness.

But mostly we got to operate with like the energy budget of just what's extant and around.

And civilizations rise and fall, you get, you know, all kinds of different levels of development, different places, but that's the binding constraint on all human life for the first 99.999.

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