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The John Batchelor Show

The final ending discussed is the slow demise of the Norsesettlement in Greenland, settled by Erik the Red around 985 AD. Herjolfsnes, one of the last settled places, provides poignant evidence from its graveyard. Due to permafrost, the coarse, mended woo

The John Batchelor Show

John Batchelor

Books, Society & Culture, News, Arts

4.52.8K Ratings

🗓️ 29 September 2025

⏱️ 9 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

The final ending discussed is the slow demise of the Norsesettlement in Greenland, settled by Erik the Red around 985 AD. Herjolfsnes, one of the last settled places, provides poignant evidence from its graveyard. Due to permafrost, the coarse, mended woolen clothes (vaðmál) of the last generations, dating up to the early 15th century, were preserved. These garments reveal the increasing isolation and poverty of the inhabitants as climate conditions worsened. The ultimate mystery remains what happened to the very last people after the final burials. The final surviving reports from Greenland via Iceland are a 1407 witch burning (of a man seduced by witchcraft) and a 1408 wedding.

Transcript

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0:00.0

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0:02.0

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0:04.0

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0:24.9

embers of the hands, hidden histories of the Viking Age.

0:28.0

The Viking Age closed over time or didn't close because it's still with us.

0:32.6

Everybody who knows Lord of the Rings well knows the Viking world.

0:36.6

We're talking about a language and a time that's magical.

0:41.3

However, there's also what I find in Eleanor's closing remarks,

0:47.3

a sadness to it, because the world ended.

0:50.3

And when did it end?

0:52.3

It's the story we're now approaching Eleanor where is

0:56.8

Harold Yov-Ness so Harriyos Ness is right at the southern tip of Greenland

1:04.7

and Greenland for me is one of the most fascinating parts of Norse Viking Age history. It's the bit that I

1:13.5

think I love the most. I've spent a lot of time researching out there. It's very wild. It's

1:19.1

very remote still. But it also means there's a lot still to see. You know, there's whole churches

1:25.8

still standing. There's farmsteads. You know, you can really get a sense of what it was like.

1:30.9

Heriosnest was one of the first places to be settled.

1:35.1

So the Norse essentially start to settle parts of the west coast of Greenland under Eric the Red, who's sort of outlawed from Iceland for killings and ends up spending three years of his outlawy in Greenland, coming back, fetching his relatives and his friends and going out and settling.

1:52.0

This is around 985, so again, we're heading up to that first millennium date again.

1:58.0

So Herriol's Nest is settled then. Hriol's nest is also one of the last places

2:04.1

to stop being settled, to stop having Norse people living there. And it's really interesting

2:11.7

because the permafrost and the ice that traditionally surrounded, you know, the coast of Greenland, although, you know, increasingly not, it meant that huge amounts of organic material survived from the North settlement of Greenland in ways that we don't really see in many other places. And in the case of Herios-Ness, we have a graveyard.

...

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