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Hello and thank you for downloading the Witness History Podcast from the BBC World Service

with me Andrew Whitehead. Today I'm taking you back to 1947 and the story of how Kashmir

came to be split between India and Pakistan.

The Kashmiri cauldron still simmers and grim scenes reminiscent of larger scale warfare are spoiling the face of the fair land.

In October 1947 tribesmen from the frontier regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan invaded the

Kashmir Valley.

Truckloads of well-armed but undisciplined fighters headed for Barramulla,

a strategically important town at the head of the valley.

There they attacked a Catholic mission and hospital.

St Joseph's convent suffers the same wanton destruction as other buildings at Barramula.

The marauding tribesmen recognise no rules of warfare but their own. The From someone whom they killed, they would take their wrist watches, they were real thieves and murderers.

In 2003 I travelled to Kashmir to investigate the events of 1947 for the BBC. Among the survivors were Angela Aranya and Tom Dykes.

They were young children when the attack on St Joseph's convent happened.

Angela's mother was the doctor.

Tom came from a British army family

and his mother had come to have another baby.

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