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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Jason Goldman. Got a minute?

Some sea creatures can find their way through thousands of miles of seemingly featureless oceans.

Even more impressive is the route that they take.

Well, we've known for a long time that sharks are capable of long-distance migrations,

and in some cases those migrations occur

along very straight paths.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography Biologist Andy Nossal.

And this has always begged the question, how exactly do they know where they're going?

So there have been a lot of hypotheses floated over the last several decades, including the

ideas that these sharks are using, for example, geomagnetic cues, chemical cues, and others.

But none of these have really been systematically tested in the field.

No Sal and his team suspected that the navigational secret of some sharks might be their sense of smell.

They use their keen noses to find food, of course, and other fish like salmon are known to use

olfaction to navigate. To see if his hunch was right, Nossal scooped up some adult female

leopard sharks in their preferred environment, waste deep water off the San Diego coast. He attached

a small radio transmitter behind their

dorsal fins, and he blocked the sense of smell in half of the sharks by shoving cotton balls

...