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Scientist Politicians, Microbiome, Wildlife Car Accidents. June 1, 2018, Part 1

Science Friday

Science Friday and WNYC Studios

Natural Sciences, Wnyc, Science, Friday, Life Sciences

4.4 • 6.3K Ratings

🗓️ 1 June 2018

⏱️ 47 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

This year’s midterm elections have seen an upswing in the number of scientists running for office. There are approximately 60 candidates with STEM backgrounds in the races for federal offices, and 200 for state positions, according to 314 Action, an advocacy organization that helps scientists run for office. But why would a scientist want to leave the lab for the Hill? According to volcanologist and Congressional candidate Jess Phoenix, “Science by definition is political because the biggest funder of scientific research in our country is the government.” And Aruna Miller, who is a Maryland State Delegate for District 15 and a former civil engineer for the Department of Transportation, says that “Your job as an engineer isn’t only your profession. It is to be a citizen of your country…. You have to be engaged in our community.” By now, we all know about the microbes that live in our gut and digestive tract—different species of bacteria living together in the same environment. Now researchers are trying to learn more about what keeps these bacteria living together in harmony. Scientists suspect the secret “microbe whisperer” is actually a member of the immune system—a molecule called immunoglobulin A. That molecule keeps the gastrointestinal system free of pathogens and, researchers hope, might one day be used to combat diseases of the digestive tract. States like Wyoming and Montana are high risk for wildlife-vehicle collisions. These accidents result in expensive damages and sometimes even death for both wildlife and drivers. One group of scientists found an unlikely solution. You’ve probably driven by one before and not noticed it, but wildlife reflectors are poles on the side of the road. There have been a lot of studies on reflectors, but Riginos said the results are mixed and not very impressive. So Riginos and her team developed an experiment. They’d cover up some reflectors, leave others uncovered, and then compare the results. “We covered them with this cheap, easily available and durable material, which just happened to be white canvas bags,” Riginos said. And to their surprise—the bags turned out to be more effective than the reflectors. “We could actually see that in the white bags situation, that the deer were more likely to stop and wait for cars to pass before crossing the road, instead of just running headlong into the road,” said Riginos.

Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

This is Science Friday. I'm Iroflato. Mount Kilauea in Hawaii has been erupting actively for 30 days, and there is no end in sight.

0:10.0

But what we have seen are some rare events associated with volcanic activity, like burning blue methane, and volcanic fog, also known as Vogue.

0:19.9

It's a welcome opportunity for scientists to study these weird events and for, you know,

0:26.2

wondering about what happens the next time.

0:28.0

And here to share with us what they're learning is Sarah Kaplan,

0:31.1

science reporter for the Washington Post.

0:33.4

Welcome back, Sarah.

0:35.3

Thanks.

0:35.9

Good to be here.

0:36.5

So they're learning all kinds of stuff this volcano is teaching them.

0:40.8

Yeah, the cool thing about Kilauea is that, you know, even though we've been paying attention for the past 30 days,

0:46.5

ever since these new fissures opened up in a neighborhood and started spewing lava,

0:50.8

Kilauea has actually been erupting continuously for 35 years. It's the most active

0:55.8

volcano in the world, and it's covered in instruments. It's kind of like a patient in the ICU.

1:01.0

There's just seismometers and gas sensors all over that place. And so that means that when it does

1:05.8

behave in weird ways like it's doing right now, scientists are getting really good information

1:10.3

about what's going on.

1:11.9

Yeah, let's talk about some of that interesting stuff.

1:14.3

Most recently, there's been something called friatic, a friatic eruption.

1:20.6

What does that mean?

1:21.3

Yeah, so, you know, Kilway is a shield volcano.

1:25.9

So usually it erupts in this kind of oozing lava. It's not explosive like Mount St. Helens or Cracketto or something. But what's happening right now is the lava is actually oozing out of a different part of the volcano than it normally does. And that's kind of, it's like someone sucking on a straw. It's pulling the lava in a different direction. So it's draining out of its main vent. And so this main vent in the summer, as the magma sinks beneath the water

...

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