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Science Friday

Science And The Election, Disinformation, Vampire Bats. Oct 30, 2020, Part 1

Science Friday

Science Friday and WNYC Studios

Natural Sciences, Wnyc, Science, Friday, Life Sciences

4.4 • 6.3K Ratings

🗓️ 30 October 2020

⏱️ 48 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Choosing the next U.S. president is not the only decision voters will make in the upcoming 2020 elections. Major science policies are also on the ballot. In some states, people will be casting votes on propositions that influence scientific research and the environment. While in other local elections, candidates with scientific backgrounds are in the running for public office. Jeffrey Mervis of Science Magazine talks about California stem cell research policies and Nevada renewable energy propositions, and how a science platform could help or harm candidates. Plus, this election season has been filled with disinformation—unverified stories of voter fraud, rumors of uncounted and tossed out mail-in ballots, claims of third parties hacking voter results, and other false information. And with possible delayed election results due to the overwhelming number of absentee ballots, driven in part by COVID, there could be even more of this disinformation spread before the final polls are announced. Disinformation expert Deen Freelon discusses how these unverified and fake news stories take hold. Freelon also provides techniques on how to decipher fact from fiction in your overfilled news feeds. Relatedly, the November election will likely have big consequences for climate policy in the United States. It comes at a critical time. Scientists say major action is needed by 2030 to avoid the worst effects of global warming. President Donald Trump does not have a climate policy. His administration has rolled back Obama-era climate initiatives. Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden is promising to put the country on a path toward a 100% clean energy economy and net-zero emissions from the U.S. no later than 2050. Polls show about 70% of Pennsylvanians want their state lawmakers to do more to address climate change. But polls rarely carry examples of what actions people want. A recent StateImpact survey shows Pennsylvanians want a lot — from state and federal lawmakers. The one-question survey attracted responses from more than 200 people, who asked for everything from specific policy proposals such as Pennsylvania’s entrance into the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and the Green New Deal, to desperate pleas such as “listen to science!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!” (Read the full piece at ScienceFriday.com.) And it’s almost Halloween, which means it’s time to get a little spooky. A perfect time for the newest installment of our Charismatic Creature Corner! This month, we’re diving into the wild world of vampire bats. These little mammals are native to Central and South America, and have bodies about the size of a mouse.  And yes, let’s address the elephant in the room: Vampire bats have a diet that consists entirely of blood. They gravitate toward livestock, but have been known to feed on people too. Their status as blood-suckers makes them one of the only mammals classified as parasites. Despite their gruesome diets, vampire bats are extremely social creatures, and are known to display acts of friendships with other bats. In fact, a study last year found that vampire bat friendships forged in captivity actually last when the bats are released into the wild. Friendships are important for vampire bats: They result in food sharing, which is integral to keeping everyone fed and happy. Science Friday’s Charismatic Creature Correspondent, producer Kathleen Davis, is back to convince Ira that this creature is worthy of entry into the Charismatic Creature Corner Hall of Fame. Joining them is Dan Riskin, an evolutionary biologist and adjunct professor of biology at the University of Toronto, Mississauga.

Transcript

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0:00.0

This is Science Friday. I'm Ira Flato. A bit later in the hour. We'll talk about science issues on the ballot

0:06.0

around the country. But first, the pandemic continues to escalate, with cases rising in most states,

0:13.0

and a new nationwide record for daily cases, nearly 90,000 for the first time ever yesterday. And as the virus spreads, a worrisome study of

0:24.4

antibodies and people recovering from infection, suggesting that the protective antibodies

0:30.2

our immune system generates may disappear in as few as three months. But as is often the case

0:37.3

with the immune system, it may be more

0:39.2

complicated than that. So here to explain more is Yasmin Tayeg, senior editor for One Zero, and a writer

0:46.1

for the Medium Coronavirus blog. Welcome back, Yasmin. Hi, Ayretz. Good to be here. Nice to have you.

0:53.4

Sort of a double whammy of bad news.

0:55.6

That would be bad if our antibodies declined quicker than we had hoped for, right?

1:00.1

It would be bad, but I'm choosing to view the new antibody study with a very hefty grain of salt.

1:06.9

This was the React study that came out from England, from scientists at Imperial College London.

1:12.8

And it showed that the proportion of people who tested positive for antibodies dropped by almost 27% between June and September.

1:21.6

And it was a big study. It was about 365,000 people.

1:26.4

One of the major concerns about this study is that it didn't really control

1:30.3

for the way antibodies are made in the body. Antibodies come in two waves. First, there's the big

1:36.5

spike that comes after infection, and that lasts for a few weeks. And then there's a second wave,

1:42.0

and this comes weeks, maybe months after the first wave. And this wave is led by cells called plasma cells that make fewer but much stronger antibodies. So there aren't as many antibodies produced during this phase, which is why if you, you know, look at a chart over time, there's far fewer. But the plasma

2:05.2

cells that make them last a lot longer, even up to decades. So the concern is that the React

2:12.0

study was catching that first dip in antibody production, which is expected. And there's no real way of

2:22.0

telling. So you're basically saying this is not settled science yet. It is not settled science

2:28.3

yet, like so much with the coronavirus. And there's a lot left we need to learn about just what antibodies even mean for

...

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