S8 Ep699: 3. Zimmerman explains how Soviet Zond program failures prompted NASA to aggressively pivot Apollo 8 into a lunar mission. George Low spearheaded the plan to bypass the delayed lunar module for a circumlunar flight. Despite extreme risks, NASA leadership
The John Batchelor Show
John Batchelor
4.5 • 2.8K Ratings
🗓️ 6 April 2026
⏱️ 8 minutes
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Summary
3. Zimmerman explains how Soviet Zond program failures prompted NASA to aggressively pivot Apollo 8 into a lunar mission. George Low spearheaded the plan to bypass the delayed lunar module for a circumlunar flight. Despite extreme risks, NASA leadership authorized the mission to secure Cold War victory. (3)
1903 DC LANGLEY TEST.
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | I'm John Batchel with my colleague Bob Zimmerman. |
| 0:07.6 | His book is Genesis, The Story of Apollo 8, the First Man Flight to Another World. |
| 0:13.1 | It is December of 1968. |
| 0:16.4 | The mechanics of launch give them a six-day window. |
| 0:20.4 | And what does that mean, Bob, six-day window and what does that mean bob six-day window |
| 0:22.7 | it means they they can launch within that six-day period and do their mission of the |
| 0:28.4 | moon and the earth is in the same is in the right position to do so they were fortunate they |
| 0:33.4 | were no delays they launched at the very first opening of the window and launched on December 21st on their way into Earth orbit. |
| 0:42.6 | And then they spent about one full orbit in Earth orbit testing their systems out to make sure everything was working |
| 0:49.6 | because they didn't want to leave Earth orbit unless they knew everything was okay. |
| 0:53.4 | And then once they had done that and they reached the point in the Earth orbit, |
| 0:57.9 | where it was time to fire the upper stage Saturn engines that would power them to the moon, |
| 1:04.0 | they got the go-ahead from Capcom. |
| 1:07.0 | That's the guy who talks to them from the ground. |
| 1:09.0 | And in this case, it happened to be, it's always an astronaut. |
| 1:11.4 | In this case, it happened to be Mike Collins, who was on the Apollo 11 mission that |
| 1:15.8 | was to follow. |
| 1:17.0 | And Mike Collins said to them, your goal for TLI. |
| 1:20.4 | TLI is trans lunar injection. |
| 1:22.4 | That's the technical term they gave to that firing of that engine. |
| 1:25.3 | So the astronauts fired the engine. |
| 1:26.8 | And for the first time, |
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