This is Hotel Mars. I'm John Batcher with David Livingson, Dr. Space of the Space Show, joining me, and we're

off to the beginning of the beginning. We have a mystery at hand. It's called colloquially the

little red dots. And we have someone to help us understand what those are, why their discovery of

those little red dots is both exciting and

consternating, and what this means about the general theory of cosmology that as

extent at the beginning of the 21st century, I welcome our colleague and friend, Devis Nandal,

a postdoc at the Center for Astrophysics at Harvard

and Smithsonian, to explain how we got here with little red dots. DeVish, a wonderful good

evening to you. It's a joy to talk about something that happened 13 billion years ago, and that

were just perceiving it thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope.

The discovery is recent. When you first heard of it in your work, what did you make of it?

What was the buzz about it? Was it there's something on the lens? We've got to clean James Webb?

Or we thought we'd see this? We were sure they were there, or now what do we do?

Good evening to you, Devis.

Hi, good evening to the both of you.

And thank you very much for having me on this wonderful forum.

Yes, I'll be glad to share how it really started about two years ago with James Webb.

First of all, we were very confident with what James Webb has been giving simply

due to the credibility established already a year or so while in operation. So the results were

not just coming from one source, but multiple places in the universe, let's say. Wherever you

would look, we would find these little red dots. And there was no issue with a lens or something, but it did pose some

very interesting questions about these sources, these little red dots, they seem to be rather

...