Hi there. Welcome. Thanks for dropping by. My name is Josh. This is Darma Punk's New York.

Thanks for joining.

I've been the Buddhist pastor and Darma teacher

at New York, Dama punks, since 2005.

And so we're psyched on entering our 17th year.

Everything I do is a Buddhist pastor in the 2,500 year old tradition of the

darma is entirely supported by donations, never a charge.

If you would like to support my work,

it's the then most Darma punks with an ex-NYC,

or there's a PayPal button on the DarmaPunks with an X NYC site.

That's it. That's my pitch. No more of that. So you can settle in. I'll give like a talk and then we'll be putting into practice some of the tools

introduced in the talk in the meditation and then there'll be time for questions so tonight's talk is on rumination

we'll talk about what that is what outcomes of it are and what we can do about it.

So to start, one of my favorite 20th century psychologists

who lived up until

until 1934 a Russian name Lev Vigotsky who was a developmental

psychologist and he died pretty young around the age of I think 37 or 38 and he was famous for

providing a lot of important insights into the acquisition of skills and language.

Lev Weigatsky showed how inner talk, self talk or thought, as we might also call it, develops in a way that's quite

distinct eventually from verbal external speech.

So for tonight when I talk about thought, I'm going to use words like self-talk, inner thought, and when I talk about words we say out loud to other people,

I'll use speech just to keep them apart. So Vigotsky noted that we learned to think by at first repeating

...