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The Bottom Line

Product Innovation: Better, Or Just New?

The Bottom Line

BBC

Personal Journals, Business, Society & Culture

4.6615 Ratings

🗓️ 26 February 2026

⏱️ 33 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

From smartphones to trainers, confectionary and cleaning products, we live in a culture of constant updates. Companies reformulate, redesign and refresh their products in a continuous race to stay ahead. But how are those decisions made? What counts as meaningful improvement and how much is designed to make last year’s version feel old? Evan Davis and guests discuss how products evolve and why standing still is the fastest way to fall behind.

Guests: Tom Moody, Senior Vice President and Managing Director, P&G (Proctor & Gamble) Northern Europe Dr Garry Moppett, Senior Director of Research & Development at Mars Dave Ward, UK and International Managing Director, Amazon Ring.

Production team: Presenter: Evan Davis Producer: Sally Abrahams Sound engineers: Lee Wilson and Donald MacDonald Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison Editor: Matt Willis

The Bottom Line is produced in partnership with The Open University

Transcript

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0:00.0

BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, Podcasts.

0:07.0

I'm no longer ravenous. I'll no longer eat until I fall asleep.

0:11.0

The Hunger Game, a new five-part series exploring the meteoric rise of weight loss drugs.

0:16.0

It's been an incredible story with these drugs.

0:18.1

The uptake, the amount of product that's been sold, the amounts of money

0:21.2

is cost. What the drugs do, how they work, and the knock-on effects of their widespread use.

0:26.5

We'll be sitting here in three years' time going, oh, it caused problems that we're now going

0:31.3

to have to fix. The Hunger Game with me, Professor Gilesio. Listen first on BBC Sounds.

0:38.2

Hello again. Welcome to the Bottom Line podcast here and broadcast weekly on Radio 4.

0:44.7

This week we're talking about product innovation. Before we get into that, though, I do want to just tell you about a recent episode on self-checkouts.

0:53.8

Total staple in supermarkets these days and

0:56.3

in fast food chains and other shops. Some companies, though, are reconsidering their use.

1:01.9

We look at the economics behind unmanned tills and ask if they're linked to the rise in shoplifting.

1:08.3

Now, though, it's time for today's topic and it was Alfred Sloan,

1:12.9

the legendary President of General Motors between the World Wars, who is always credited

1:18.3

as the man who introduced the concept of the annual model change. He would make tweaks to the

1:23.4

design of his cars each year to keep them fresh. He was building a degree of psychological obsolescence into the older models which immediately

1:32.8

began to feel to be dated.

1:35.0

That's a very interesting piece of business history.

1:37.6

But since then, we've all become used to frequent model changes, not in cars, in everything,

1:43.8

from smartphones to trainers, to cleaning not in cars, in everything, from smartphones to trainers to cleaning

1:46.0

products in confectionery. Products are reformulated, redesigned, revamped, refined, upgraded

...

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