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400 years ago, a trio of tiny kingdoms were perched on some damp islands off the coast of Europe.

Within three short centuries, these islands would become the center of an empire which ruled a quarter of the globe and on which the sun never set.

I'm Samuel Hume, a historian of the British Empire, and my podcast Pax Britannica follows the people and events that built that empire into a global superpower.

Learn the history of the British Empire by listening to Pax Britannica everywhere you find your podcasts, or go to pod.

dot link slash packs.

Hi everyone, this is Scott.

If you want to learn about the world's oldest civilizations,

find out how they were rediscovered. Follow the story of Mark Antony and Cleopatra's

descendants over 10 generations, or take a deep dive into the Iron Age or the Hellenistic era, then check out the Ancient

World Podcast.

Available on all podcasting platforms or go to ancientworld Podcast.com.

That's the Ancient World Podcast.

Hello everyone and welcome

to History of the Great War Premium episode number 22. We have come now to the end of our

episodes on the evolution of doctrine during the war. Over the course of the last

four episodes we've talked about the British, the French, the German, and the

Austrian preparation and persecution of the war.

During our introduction episode, which was episode 17, I said that we would attempt to answer these three questions for each country.

First, how they came to their military

doctrine with which they started the war, second how and why they changed these

practices during the war, and then we would take stock of where they were by the end of the war.

...