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Science Friday

Parch Marks, Wildfires, The Beatles. August 10, 2018, Part 1

Science Friday

Science Friday and WNYC Studios

Science, Life Sciences, Wnyc, Natural Sciences, Friday

4.4 • 6.3K Ratings

🗓️ 10 August 2018

⏱️ 47 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

The Mendocino Complex fire in northern California has spread to more than 300,000 acres—a swath of land bigger than New York City. The blaze is the state’s largest wildfire in recorded history, edging out last year's record-setting Thomas Fire, which devastated communities north of Los Angeles. While climate change is certainly to blame in fanning the flames of wildfires (by boosting temperatures, parching landscapes, and causing more erratic rainfall) there's another factor that's making today's fires increasingly dangerous: a nearly 1,400 percent increase in the number of people building homes in harm's way since the 1940s. Stephen Strader of Villanova University, Jon Keeley of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Erin Questad of Cal Poly Pomona join Ira to talk about people in the way of fire—and how we can nurse those ecosystems back to health. If you had a number one hit song, you would probably remember writing it. John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote over 200 songs together over 50 years ago. So it’s no surprise that memories have gotten a little fuzzy when it comes to who wrote which Beatles song. Mark Glickman, senior lecturer in statistics at Harvard University and Beatles super-fan, developed an algorithm to determine the authorship of “In My Life” and several other contested Beatles songs. He (and his guitar) join Ira to discuss his findings. Plus: It’s been hot in the United Kingdom this summer. But as lawns parch and grasses turn brown, the landscape is also revealing the buried remains of valuable archaeological finds. Aerial archaeologist Robert Bewley, at Oxford University, describes how “parch marks” can reveal hidden treasures. And Vox staff writer Umair Irfan joins Ira to discuss what the researchers discovered about the benefits—and downsides—of a future geoengineered climate, and other science headlines in this week’s News Round-up.

Transcript

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0:00.0

This is Science Friday. I'm Ira Flato. A bit later in the hour, we're going to get an update on those wildfires burning out west and talk about how a population boom could be fueling the flames.

0:12.4

But first, in this era of radical climate change, some scientists are thinking radically about how to cool the planet.

0:19.7

I'm talking about geoengineering, intentionally

0:22.7

manipulating the Earth's atmosphere. It is a controversial idea, and as I say, with radical thinking,

0:29.5

like using volcanoes. Here to tell us that story, as well as other short subjects in science,

0:35.4

is Omer Iffan, a staff writer for Vox covering climate and energy.

0:39.9

Omer, welcome to Science Friday.

0:41.6

Nice to have you back.

0:42.1

Thank you for having me.

0:43.4

Let's talk about this geoengineering controversy. Why?

0:48.2

Well, with geoengineering, there is a practical concern and there's a moral concern.

0:52.9

The practical one is basically you're

0:55.1

messing with the planet's climate. This is something that affects seven and a half billion

0:58.9

people. Think about the controversy you may have in your office when it comes to setting the

1:03.0

temperature there. Finding the equilibrium for the whole world is going to be a lot harder.

1:08.0

And so how did the authors get around? Tell us what the idea is.

1:14.1

Well, the idea was that rather than deliberately manipulating the climate, they looked at experiments that were done for us in nature.

1:20.4

And they realized that volcanoes seem like a very good proxy for what we could potentially do with geoengineering.

1:26.6

So a volcanic eruption that sends

1:28.3

millions of tons of soot of ash and in particular sulfur compounds into the atmosphere.

1:33.5

So they looked at two volcanic eruptions in particular. This was El Chichon in Mexico in 1982

1:38.3

and the Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines in 1991. After both of these eruptions,

...

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