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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

There's a stretch of highway in Pennsylvania, along U.S. 422.

And like every probably 20 feet, you see like a big pothole or cracking at the joint.

Like everywhere.

It was so bad.

Yagub Farnum is a construction materials engineer at Drexel University in Philly,

and this road is pretty much his worst nightmare.

Yeah, just imagine I was driving with like 60 miles per hour, and I could see, I could feel it,

like I was driving, I was so mad. I mean, what is going on on this?

The culprit, he says, may be calcium chloride road salt.

It's used to de-ice highways in the winter.

Because calcium chloride reacts with a compound in concrete called calcium hydroxide

to form another compound called calcium oxy chloride.

It's a huge molecule that causes a lot of pressure inside concrete and

starch like degradation of concrete. The solution, novel blends of concrete that use cheap

leftover materials from the coal and steel industries, stuff like fly ash, silica fume, and slag.

In his latest work, Farnham and his team created plugs

...