This is CVSI and the world. I'm John Batche with Govered Schilling, an astronomer

chronicler who is taking us into the part of astronomy that is the most confounding

and tempting to to astronomers to cosmologists to people who read Goberts book. We're looking for something that we can't see, we've never found,

and we're going to try to imagine how we can certify it exists. We need theory is wonderful but how do we certify it? Now we come

to Jeremiah Ostaker who thanks to Goveert I've been led to his book Heart of

darkness published just a few years ago. He is an astronomer

with firm ideas, and one of those firm ideas is to picture again what we can't see. It's called the halo effect around our galaxy the

Milky Way around all galaxies what is that how should we picture it yeah it was a

strange situation because as we discussed before Fritz Vicky was the one who was the main

one who realized there must be a lot of unseen mattering galaxies but no one paid too much attention back then.

And only in the 1960s, the late 1960s,

there were those theories like Jerry Ostaker

who started to calculate how a massive galaxy like our own Milky Way

galaxy could be stable because it's all these rotating stars and gas clouds in a

flattened disk and when he did the calculations using the first generation

of big computers back then he realized that a flattened disk of stars cannot stay stable.

It can only be stable when there is a big spherical

halo around it filled with some kind of matter. So he proposed that our Milky Way

and other galaxies also would be surrounded by a big

halo of unseen matter and it fitted very nicely in with his observations by Zweki and the first pioneering work

by young Orton Yacopis Captain that there must be unseen matter in the universe so now we

had a theoretical reason to believe it too because without

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