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Science Friday

Implementing Oregon’s Drug Policy, Wisconsin Wolf Hunt, Johnson & Johnson Vaccine. March 5, 2021, Part 1

Science Friday

Science Friday and WNYC Studios

Science, Life Sciences, Wnyc, Natural Sciences, Friday

4.46.3K Ratings

🗓️ 5 March 2021

⏱️ 47 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Oregon Just Decriminalized Small Amounts of All Drugs. Now What? On February 1, a big experiment began in Oregon: The state has decriminalized small amounts of all drugs, including heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. In the November election, voters passed ballot Measure 110 by a 16-point margin. Now, if you’re caught with one or two grams of what some refer to as “hard drugs”, you won’t be charged. Instead, you’ll either pay a maximum $100 dollar fine, or complete a health assessment within 45 days at an addiction recovery center. This new system for services will be funded through the state’s marijuana tax. But the measure is still controversial, and members of Oregon’s addiction and recovery community are split on if it’s a good idea. So how did we get here? Read and listen to the full story here.     Wisconsin Oversteps in Wolf Hunt One of the final acts of the Trump Administration in late 2020 was to remove the gray wolf from the federal endangered species list. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service officially removed the species, which was once nearly extinct in the lower 48 states, in January. The wolves now number more than 6,000 in the northern Rockies and the western Great Lakes states. In Wisconsin, a 2012 state law requires an annual wolf hunt when the animals are not under federal protection. State wildlife officials had begun planning for a hunt next November, but were forced by a lawsuit from an out-of-state hunting group to hold one before the end of February. That hunt lasted only three days before state officials shut it down: Licensed hunters killed 216 wolves in that time, more than 80 percent over the allowed quota of 119, and nearly 20 percent of the state’s estimated 1,000-plus wolves. SciFri producer Christie Taylor talks to Wisconsin Public Radio reporter Danielle Kaeding and environmental science professor Adrian Treves about how hunters were able to kill so many wolves so fast—and what effect this year’s hunt might have on the health of wolf populations in the state.   What Does Johnson & Johnson’s Shot Mean for Our Vaccine Timeline? The U.S. now has a third COVID-19 vaccine in our arsenal, as Johnson & Johnson’s shot got emergency approval last weekend. This one is different from the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines already in use: It’s only one dose, it’s inexpensive, and it doesn’t require very cold temperatures for storage. This means rural communities might get vaccinated faster, and our timeline to possible COVID-19 herd immunity could improve. Scaling up vaccinations will be critical as the homegrown U.S. COVID-19 variants are taking hold. Variants from California and New York are becoming more widespread, though it doesn’t seem like we’ll need to change our strategy for fighting COVID-19 yet. Ira is joined by Umair Irfan, staff writer at Vox, to talk about these stories and other big science news of the week.

Transcript

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0:00.0

This is Science Friday. I'm Ira Flato. A bit later in the hour, we'll talk about gray wolf

0:04.9

conservation now that they're no longer considered an endangered species, and Oregon's experimental

0:10.6

rollback on drug laws. But first, the U.S. now has a third COVID-19 vaccine in our arsenal.

0:17.5

Johnson & Johnson's shot got emergency approval last weekend. However, this one is different

0:23.3

from Pfizer and Moderna vaccines already in use. So what does that mean for how well it works?

0:30.6

And will more vaccines be available soon? Well, I'm going to put those questions to Ameri Air Fahn,

0:36.2

staff writer at Vox based in Washington, D.C., who covers this. Welcome back. Hi, Ira. Thanks for having me. Nice to have you back. Always good. Let's talk about this Johnson and Johnson vaccine. What makes it different physically from what's already available? Well, the biggest thing is that this is only a one-dose vaccine. The Moderna and Pfizer

0:55.8

Biointech vaccines require two doses spaced several weeks apart. So this is something that can

1:00.1

really speed up the distribution of it. Another factor is that this is a vaccine that can be

1:04.5

stored at ordinary refrigerator temperatures. It doesn't require the ultra-cold or freezer storage

1:09.0

that the other vaccines require. This one's also cheaper.

1:11.9

It costs about $10 a dose where the other MRNA-based vaccines cost about twice as much.

1:17.1

And this is also the first vaccine that uses this platform to be authorized in the U.S.

1:21.3

The Pfizer and Bojurna vaccines use messenger RNA.

1:25.1

This one, the Johnson-and-Johnson vaccine, uses an adenovirus as its vector. Basically,

1:29.6

it's a modified virus that carries genetic information into the cells, and then the cells read that

1:35.7

information to manufacture a part of the virus. So this uses DNA instead of MRI, and DNA is more

1:43.8

robust and able to survive.

1:45.6

That's why it lasts longer or doesn't need to be deep frozen.

1:50.0

Well, also this vaccine, because it uses a vector, a virus that exists in nature,

1:55.5

it's also more shelf-stable.

1:57.0

So the packaging is also a big factor for why this is more robust in the wild.

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