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BBC Inside Science

Genetics and education, Eyam plague, Pint of science, Labradors and chocolate

BBC Inside Science

BBC

Science

4.61.3K Ratings

🗓️ 12 May 2016

⏱️ 28 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

The biggest study of the relationship between genes and educational attainment - in this case, basically the measure of how long you stay in education - has been published this week. A huge number of environmental factors influence this trait, but genes also play a small role. In the new study, a large team of researchers looked at over 300,000 people and identified 74 genetic variants, slight differences in our DNA, that do seem to associate with how long those individuals stayed in formal education. Senior author Dan Benjamin, University of Southern California, and social genetics researcher Eva Krapohl from Kings College London helped steer us through this complex quagmire.

The Derbyshire village of Eyam is famous amongst Plague historians because when the disease arrived in a bale of cloth in 1665, the local vicar took a bold step and quarantined the whole village. 260 villagers died, but the sacrifice is thought to have saved surrounding populations. This noted event yielded a rich data set, which Eyam residents Francine Clifford and her late husband John meticulously mined over the last few decades. When epidemiologist Xavier Didelot of Imperial College London visited the local museum whilst on holiday, he couldn't resist investigating.

Later this month, in pubs around Britain, and bars in 11 other countries, audiences will gather to hear about everything from black holes to cancer treatments - all part of a phenomenon called 'Pint of Science'. Marnie Chesterton went to The Castle in Farringdon to hear more.

Finally, last week we met Poppy, one of the Labradors likely to have a newly discovered genetic reason for eating her owners out of house and home. Poppy's most notable devouring was of a large birthday cake, resulting in a trip to the vet's to get her stomach pumped. A fellow cake-eating-Lab-owning listener got in touch to ask why this procedure was necessary. It all comes down to the flavour of the cake: Chocolate.

Producers: Marnie Chesterton & Jen Whyntie.

Transcript

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0:00.0

Hello you. This is the podcast of Inside Science from BBC Radio 4 first broadcast on the 12th of May 2016. I'm Adam Rutherford and there's loads more information about great BBC science programs at BBC.co. UK.

0:12.9

Radio 4.

0:13.9

All the bees this week, Brains, Beer and Bubos.

0:17.6

In reverse order we visit the Priti Peak District Village of Eem, which sacrificed itself

0:22.4

for the greater good during the

0:24.0

plague in 1666. In a new study this week we find out the details of how it

0:28.7

spread and how the quarantine actually worked. And we're off to the pub for a global celebration of research and to combine two of my favorite things, beer and science.

0:38.8

But first, education is in the news again this week with the rather tricky SAT exams being leaked to the press and parents organizing boycotts of these very unpopular tests and today a new paper in nature was published which is the biggest study of the relationship between genes

0:54.8

and what is referred to as educational attainment, although in this case it basically is a measure of

0:59.9

how long you stay in school, college, university and so on.

1:03.4

Now, obviously a huge number of factors determine that,

1:07.0

which include intelligence and teaching and parents

1:10.2

and motivation, all of the obvious stuff,

1:12.1

but genes also play a small but measurable

1:14.5

role too. In the new paper a gargantuan team of researchers looked at over 300,000

1:20.9

people and identified 74 individual genetic variants, just slight differences in

1:26.4

our DNA that do seem to associate with how long those individuals stayed in formal education.

1:32.0

Now, these types of studies are always controversial

1:34.8

and the authors have, rather unusually,

1:36.8

issued an FAQ document alongside the research itself,

1:40.4

which lists a lot of things that the paper is not,

1:43.5

and there's a link to it on the BBC Inside Science website.

...

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