Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going through gastroenteritis, and you

can find notes at 0.0.5.com and in the 0 to finals pediatrics book, and you can find flashcards

and questions at members.0.0.0.5. So let's jump straight in. Acute gastritis is stomach inflammation

and it presents with epigastric discomfort, nausea and vomiting. Enteritis is inflammation of the

intestines and it presents with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Gastroenteritis is inflammation

of the stomach and the intestines, and it presents with pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

The most common causes of gastroenteritis are viruses. Viral gastroenteritis spreads really easily and patients often have

an affected household member or contact. It's essential to isolate the patient in a healthcare

environment, such as a hospital ward or assessment unit to prevent spread to other patients.

Most people recover well from gastroenteritis. However, rarely it can be fatal, especially in

very young or frail elderly patients. Let's start by talking about viral gastroenteritis.

Viral gastroenteritis is very common and it's highly contagious.

Specific viruses include rotavirus, which typically causes watery diarrhea lasting five to seven days.

Norovirus, which typically causes a rapid onset of severe vomiting that lasts 12 to 48 hours,

and adenovirus, which typically causes respiratory symptoms,

but it can cause diarrhea, especially in young children.

Next let's talk about Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli or e-coli is a normal intestinal bacteria.

Only certain strains cause gastroenteritis.

Key ways that e-coli is spread is through infected feces, unwashed salads,

and contaminated water. E. coli 0157 produces the sugar toxin. The sugar toxin causes abdominal cramps,

bloody diarrhea and vomiting. It also destroys red blood cells, leading to hemalytic uremic syndrome. The use of antibiotics in patients who have

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