Europe’s long drought of 2011
Witness History
BBC
4.5 • 1.6K Ratings
🗓️ 21 April 2026
⏱️ 10 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
In 2011, after months of little or no rain in central and eastern Europe, water levels on some parts of the Danube River fell to their lowest level in 70 years.
It’s one of Europe’s busiest shipping routes, but in November of that year, traffic ground to a halt on major sections of the Danube, and, on the Serbia-Hungary border, dozen of cargo ships were stranded.
In Romania, one of the country’s nuclear power stations was at risk of shutdown because of insufficient water for cooling, and, in Serbia, the drought revealed sunken World War Two ships and unexploded bombs.
In the lower Danube, low water levels also caused a decrease in bird and fish populations.
Kristian Yakimov, an ecologist and tourist guide in Bulgaria, speaks to Jacqueline Paine.
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(Photo: Cracked, muddy ground at the river bank of the Danube river. Credit: Alexanda Rilich/Getty Images)
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, Podcasts. |
| 0:10.0 | Hello, you're listening to the BBC World Service. |
| 0:14.0 | Now, witness history with me, Jacqueline Payne. |
| 0:17.0 | Today I'm taking you back to November 2011, |
| 0:20.0 | when a long, hot and exceptionally dry summer across Europe |
| 0:24.5 | left one of its longest rivers, the Danube, at a critically low level. |
| 0:32.1 | The sand islands in the Danube, which are close to Tutrakhan, usually they are not accessible by foot, |
| 0:39.4 | but at that time you could walk to them. You didn't need a boat to get there. |
| 0:45.5 | That's Christian Yakimov, an ecologist and tourist guide in Tutra Khan, |
| 0:50.3 | a town on the banks of the Danube in northeastern Bulgaria. |
| 0:58.1 | The severe drought affected all ten countries connected by the river, |
| 1:02.5 | from Germany's black forests in the west to Ukraine in the east. |
| 1:07.1 | But those on the lower Danube, like Bulgaria, were hit worst, |
| 1:13.3 | with some reporting river levels at their lowest in 70 years. In some areas, it was just one and a half meters deep. One day, you might go with the tourists on a boat trip around |
| 1:19.5 | the island, show them the nature there, but the next day you can do that because it's so shallow, |
| 1:26.7 | the boat's engine becomes grounded. |
| 1:31.3 | Or when we're out in the kayaks, you get to some places where we have to lift the boats out of the water |
| 1:38.3 | and carry them in our hands because the water level changes really fast and you have hit the sand. So you have to carry |
| 1:47.0 | the kayak to where the water is deeper before you can use it again. Tutrakhan's history is tied to the |
| 1:55.5 | river. It was once known as the place to go fishing in the Danube. But nowadays, you're more likely to see tourists |
| 2:01.9 | going on boat trips or kayaking. And with one of the largest wetlands in the Balkans, the Kalimok-Braschland, |
| 2:08.2 | is a big attraction for birdwatchers. The area was brought back to life in 2009, after the |
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