In January of 1915, Ernest Shackleton's ship, Endurance, became encased in the ice in the Weddell Sea.

Through determination, grit, and savvy, Shackleton would lead his men through a brutal winter,

then over hundreds of miles of Antarctic ice, followed by 800 miles across some of the roughest waters in the world.

It is one of the most extraordinary and inspirational journeys in the history of

exploration. Find this story and many others at the Explorers Podcast, available wherever you get

your podcasts or at Explorerspodcast.com.

Hello, and thank you for listening to the history of World War II podcast, episode 623, and the Hiroo

makes four. Last time, on June 4th, 1942, quite a busy day for both the Japanese and American Pacific Navy's. Around

2.30 p.m., the Yorktown was set upon for the second time, now by torpedo bombers. Most of the

attacking kates never made it close enough to launch, but enough did. For now, there were two

torpedo holes in the carrier's port

side. Up until the second attack, repairs on the Yorktown were going well, but now that was over.

The Yorktown was listing quickly and could capsize soon. There was no sense in risking hundreds

of lives for something that was certainly going to

happen. Thus, around 3 p.m., Captain Buckmaster ordered abandon ship. While this was being done,

Buckmaster and his executive officer, or Exo, went around to make sure that everyone got off the

carrier. Meanwhile, the escorts moved closer to collect the crew.

The Benham took 721 sailors off. Bulk took 544, Russell 499, Anderson 204, Morris 193,

Hammond 85, which included Buckmaster, and the Hughes took off 24 of Yorktown's crew.

As for the pilot and crews of this latest Japanese attack,

five kates and four of these six zeros made it back safely to the Hiroo,

meaning that five kates and two zeros were sacrificed to sink an enemy carrier, cheap for the price.

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