Oh, wow, oh, oh, oh, wow, oh, oh, wow.

Oh, wow.

Oh, my.

Oh, wow. Hello, you're listening to The Science of Everything podcast, episode 54, Sex and Gender, Part 1.

In this double episode, we are going to talk about the differences between males and females,

mostly looking at it from a perspective of different differences in behaviors and social outcomes.

So we'll first discuss some of those differences just from an observational standpoint,

and then we'll try and present some of the sociological, psychological, and biological evidence

attempting to explain why these differences exist.

And in particular, the focus will be on trying to distinguish between biological versus social

influences of differing outcomes and behaviours, personalities, etc. between males and females.

So first, before we start looking at some differences, it's important to define the difference

between the terms sex and gender, although the podcast is about both, in a sense.

The focus is much more on gender, and I'll explain what I mean by that.

So in sort of the way that people commonly speak, sex and gender are often used interchangeably.

But particularly in social science, sociology in particular, sex and gender are

quite generally distinguished from one another. So sex is used to refer to biological differences,

so specifically reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, X and Y chromosomes, that

sort of thing. So it's just the purely biological and reproductive aspect of whether one is male or female,

and this applies to humans and animals as well.

That's sex.

Gender refers to the socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors, and activities, and attributes

...