Oh, wow, oh, oh, wow, oh, wow, oh, wow.

Oh, wow.

Oh, wow. Hello, you're listening to the Science of Everything podcast, episode 46, Vision Part 2, and I'm your host, James Fodor.

In this episode, we're going to be picking straight up from where we left off last time with Vision Part 1.

So we're going to be talking about bipolar cells and ganglion cells and how those link up together and how those have their

receptive fields that are sort of the on-center and off-center construction of the receptive

fields of the ganglion and bipolar cells. We'll talk about that. We'll also talk about how the

information from the ganglion cells is transmitted out of the back of the retina via the optic nerve

and then the optic tract. We'll talk about the optic chyasm and how the crossing over

of information occurs there, of the different visual hemifields, and then we'll talk about

how this information then comes into and innovates the lateral genuculate nuclei and how the

different types of information from different eyes and parts of the visual field and so on are stored effectively or at least processed in different parts of the lateral genuculate nucleus and different layers of that.

And we'll end off the episode by getting up just to the stage where we're ready to talk about V1, the primary visual cortex.

Recommended pre-listing for this episode is, of course, vision part one, and hence the prerequisites for that.

Okay, so we've got to a stage now where we understand how the light is focused by the cornea and by the lens.

It falls onto a particular part of the retina.

We understand now that the retina is comprised of rods and cones, and that these contain

stacks of membranes, which in turn are studded with these rhodopsin and photopsin molecules,

and we understand how when the light hits these molecules, it's basically absorbed,

and that leads to a cascade of events which ends up with less glutamate being dumped out into the synapse by the photorecept cells.

Where do we go from here?

So how does the glutamate, how does the reduction in the amount of glutamate that's in the synapse, how does that lead to visual perception and single things into the brain and so on?

...