Episode 148: Control of Gene Expression

The Science of Everything Podcast

James Fodor

Natural Sciences, Science, Social Sciences

4.8 • 750 Ratings

🗓️ 30 September 2024

⏱️ 69 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

An introduction to the processes by which cells control which genes are expressed. We begin with an overview of why genetic regulation is necessary and the key stages where such regulation occurs, including key concepts such as transcription factors and DNA binding domains. We then discuss prokaryotic gene regulation, focusing on the lac operon in E. coli. We then expand the discussion to cover the various mechanisms of eukaryotic gene regulation, including chromatic remodelling, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, RNA editing, and micro RNAs. Recommended pre-listening is Episodes 34-35: DNA Structure and Function, and Episode 118: Cell Signalling. If you enjoyed the podcast please consider supporting the show by making a PayPal donation or becoming a Patreon supporter. https://www.patreon.com/jamesfodor https://www.paypal.me/ScienceofEverything

Transcript

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0:00.0	Oh, wow, oh, oh, wow, oh, wow, oh, wow.
0:13.0	Oh, wow.
0:15.0	Oh, my. Hello, you're listening to The Science of Everything podcast, episode 148,
0:38.4	Control of Gene Expression.
0:40.6	I'm the host, James Fodor.
0:42.7	So, in this episode, we are going to take a look at the control or regulation of gene expression
0:48.0	and discuss the need for gene regulation and the key stages of control of gene regulation. We'll start by
0:55.9	talking about genetic regulation in prokaryotes, so talking about operons and specifically the lack
1:01.1	operon, and then we'll move on to talking about the processes in eukaryotes, which are much more
1:06.7	complicated and involved, including chromatin remodeling, various aspects of transcriptional
1:11.9	regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and concluding with a look at translational regulation.
1:18.3	Recommended pre-listening for this episode is episodes 34 and 35 on DNA structure and function,
1:24.5	which will provide a lot of the background necessary for understanding the content that we go through today. Episode 68 on protein structure and function, which will provide a lot of the background necessary for understanding the
1:27.5	content that we go through today. Episode 68 on protein structure and function will also be helpful.
1:33.3	So with that out of the way, let's jump in and begin with an introduction about what is genetic
1:38.2	regulation and why do we need it, or what role does it serve? So regulation of gene expression
1:43.9	includes a wide range of mechanisms
1:45.7	used by cells to change the production of specific genes, gene products, so proteins. Gen
1:53.8	regulation effectively involves either increasing or decreasing the production of specific
1:57.7	protein products from particular genes at particular times. So as I mentioned in the introduction, any step of along the pathway and gene expression may be modulated right from the transcription of messenger RNA from the DNA itself,
2:12.6	right through to post-translational modifications of the protein to affect its function.
2:18.3	Every somatic cell in the body has the same set of DNA, barring a few ad hoc mutations.
	...

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