So let's start. In 1872 there was the first major publication on research into emotion in and of itself using the actual word emotion

not passions and it was by Charles Darwin and he was interested in using his study of emotion to

validate his views on evolution and the primary point in the book was that emotions are heritable from species in the

evolutionary chain that in some profound way human emotions connect us with the

rest of the species of the animal kingdom from whom we evolved.

And while this point leads to certain conclusions

that human emotions are trans- and they're transcultural.

In other words, according to Darwin, you could travel around the world

in people's expression of sadness, shock, surprise, anger will be remarkably similar.

And this work was, by the way, validated by a guy named Paul Ekman, who did a lot of great research in the 1970s with the facial expression of anger,

shock, surprise, etc.

And showed that across cultures people could

recognize and were

could immediately recognize from photographs

people from different cultures

expressing certain emotions.

Now what's important is to understand that to some degree this also posits that our emotions are somewhat separable from our thought processes to the degree that Darwin

did not propose that human thought is inherited from animals.

That human thought is something that arises in our species, but that human emotions directly

ties us to the animal kingdom. So in some way there's already a division

between thought and emotion. Now this idea bore fruition very soon after, about 20 years after the publication of Darwin's book,

The Great American Psychologist William James, was the first to really study emotional responses in humans and what he found was that

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