Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be

talking to you about chronic kidney disease. And you can find written notes on this topic at

zero to finals.com slash kD or in the renal medicine section of the second edition of the zero to finals medicine book.

And you can find flashcards and questions to train your knowledge on the content of this podcast

and help you remember it for longer at members.0 to finals.com.

So let's get straight into it.

Chronic kidney disease or KDD, refers to a chronic reduction in kidney function sustained

over three months.

It tends to be permanent and progressive.

Let's talk about the causes.

Kidney function naturally declines with age.

Various factors can speed up the decline and cause chronic kidney disease.

The two most common causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetic nephropathy, or diabetes,

or hypotensive nephropathy, or high blood pressure.

Chronic high sugar levels passing through the glomerilus in patients with diabetes causes

scarring, which is called glomerilus sclerosis.

Chronic high blood pressure causes scarring of the small vessels,

the glomerilus and the tubules, and this is called nephrosclerosis. Other common causes of

chronic kidney disease include medications such as ensades or lithium,

glomerula nephritis and polycystic kidney disease.

Let's talk about glomerilus sclerosis.

Glamerilus sclerosis describes scarring, or sclerosis, of the glomerilus.

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