Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be

talking to you about acute kidney injury. And you can find written notes on this topic at

zero tofinals.com slash AKI or in the renal section of the second edition of the zero to finals medicine book.

And you can find flashcards and questions to train your knowledge on this content

and help you remember the information longer at members.0 to finals.com.

So let's get straight into it.

Acute kidney injury or AKI refers to a rapid drop in the kidney function,

diagnosed by measuring the serum creatinine.

Acute kidney injury is most common in acutely unwell patients,

for example patients with infections or following surgery.

The NICE guidelines from 2019 give criteria for diagnosing an acute kidney injury.

And these criteria are a rise in creatinine of more than 25 micromoles per liter in 48 hours, a rise of creatinine of more than 50% in

seven days, or a urine output of less than 0.5 millilitres per kilogram per hour over at least

six hours.

Let's go through the risk factors.

The risk factors for acute kidney injury include older age, for example above 65 years,

sepsis, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes, liver disease,

cognitive impairment leading to reduced fluid intake, for example patients with

dementia, medications, for example non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or ensades, gentomicin

and diuretics, and radio contrast agents, for, contrast used in CT scans.

Let's go through the causes.

Let's start with a tom tip.

...