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... Hello, and thank you for joining the American Revolution.

This week, episode 354, Ratification Spring.

The last time we covered the three New England states that considered

ratification in early 1788, in that case, Connecticut backed it pretty overwhelmingly. Massachusetts

backed it narrowly, with only 53% of delegates voting in favor, and to get to that majority,

supporters had to back a series of

suggested amendments. Since these were suggestions, they would not hold up the ratification process,

but they legitimized some of the criticisms that later states would use against ratification.

Rhode Island just flat out refused to hold a convention, and instead held a referendum in March of 1788

where the voters overwhelmingly rejected the Constitution.

So by the early spring of 1788, we had six states that supported the Constitution and one state against.

Under the terms of the Constitution,

once nine states had ratified, the Constitution would go into effect. At that point,

any dissenters or stragglers would be denied participation in the new Union. Other states

...