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Isse Miyake. new fragrance for men is Aimeaki. Hello and thank you for joining the American Revolution.

This week episode 275 the war goes Dutch. And we last looked in on European affairs in episode

252 when the summer of 1780 saw several riots in London and Dublin, thanks to difficulties caused by the American

Revolution.

British leaders increasingly found themselves in a political bind.

The war that started with the colonial rebellion in North America had spread,

first to France in 1778, then Spain in 1779.

Britain was used to going to war with these traditional enemies, but it usually

had a few European allies by its side. In this war, Britain was not only fighting its own colonists and two of its traditional foes,

but was also doing so alone as its traditional allies in the German states and Portugal and places like that were mostly sitting this one out.

The Germans provided a few paid mercenaries, but major powers like Prussia were not fighting along Britain's side against the powers of France and Spain.

Despite the forces allied against it, by late 7080, Britain decided it was time to add a third enemy combatant to the war, the Dutch Republic.

I should say at the outset, the Dutch Republic was not really a republic as we use that word today.

The Dutch people were not electing their leaders or anything crazy like that.

Seven small nation states had united in a confederation to provide mutual defense protection against outside enemies,

...