Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode, I'm going to be going through

generalised anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. And you can find notes at

0tofinals.com and in the 0 to finals pediatrics book. And you can find flashcards and questions at members.0.0.5.com.

So let's jump straight in. Generalized anxiety disorder, or GAD, is a mental health condition that

causes excessive and disproportionate anxiety and worry about multiple areas of life that negatively

impacts the person's everyday activities.

Panic disorder involves recurrent panic attacks. The panic attacks are rapid onset,

unexpected, meaning they appear randomly often without a trigger,

and they result in worry about further attacks as well as maladaptive behavioural changes relating to the attacks,

for example avoiding activities.

Secondary causes of anxiety include substance use, for example, caffeine,

stimulants, bronchidilators, and cocaine, substance withdrawal, for example withdrawal from alcohol

or benzodiazepines,

hyperthyroidism, and Cushing syndrome.

Let's talk about the presentation.

Emotional and cognitive symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder include excessive worrying, being unable to control the worrying, irritability, restlessness,

difficulty relaxing, being easily tired and difficulty concentrating.

Behavioral symptoms include avoiding social situations, for example refusing to go to school,

and reassurance seeking.

Physical symptoms, which generally relate to overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system,

include muscle tension, palpitations, for example, feeling that their heart is racing,

sweating, tremor, chest pain and shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms,

...