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Hi, I'm Anne Strange Champs.

It's to the best of our knowledge.

And depending on where you live, winter can be tough to Champs. It's to the best of our knowledge. And depending on where you live,

winter can be tough to get through. It's cold, it gets dark early, the weather's messy.

You can hop a plane to Florida or Phoenix or any place warm, or you can just turn up the heat and try not to get depressed.

But animals, other animals, that is, have winter survival tricks you would

not believe. So maybe we should get some winter survival lessons from them. Today we're going

to hang out with reindeer in Siberia and listen to walrus munch shrimp in the Arctic. We'll

find out how frogs survive the entire season awake but frozen solid, and how bears convert nitrogen

into protein while they sleep. Naturalist Bern-Henrich tells Steve Paulson that animal winter

survival is a marvel. How animals survive freezing takes special tricks. The inside of the cells

cannot be frozen unless there are special adaptations for that.

So generally, they first of all freeze liquid component outside the cells,

and that causes less damage.

So they have to have mechanisms basically to withdraw water from the cells

so that the freezing occurs outside and that the osmotic concentration inside the cells

goes up to prevent freezing inside the cells.

So this is like a natural anti-freeze.

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