Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
EM Clerkship
Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD
4.9 • 816 Ratings
🗓️ 2 September 2018
⏱️ 10 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Kidney Stones are a Diagnosis of Exclusion!!!
History
* Risk factors* Age >60* Tobacco use* Classic presentations* Stable with sudden flank/back/abdominal pain or syncope* Unstable with pallor, hypotension, and ill appearance
Exam
* Pulsatile abdominal mass* Unstable vitals
Testing Plan
* Labs* TYPE AND SCREEN* CBC* Electrolytes* Coagulation studies* Lactic acid* Imaging* Bedside ultrasound (optimal)* Aorta protocol* Look for aorta >3cm* RUSH protocol* Mnemonic: HI-MAP* Heart* IVC* Morrisons Pouch (RUQ)* Aorta* Pulmonary* CT scan with IV contrast (less optimal)
Treatment Plan
* 2 Large bore IVs (16G)* Massive transfusion protocol* PRBCs* Platelets* Fresh Frozen Plasma* Blood pressure management* Goal Systolic ~100* Goal MAP ~60-65
Clerkship Pearls
* Put AAA in your differential during your presentation for all older patients with back/flank pain* Attempt to perform a bedside ultrasound of the aorta OR find recent CT of the abdomen with normal sized aorta
Additional Reading
* Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Review (Medscape)
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Hello, med students. |
| 0:03.4 | My name is Zach Olson, and thank you for downloading this week's episode of the EM |
| 0:08.7 | Clerkship Podcast. |
| 0:12.2 | So we've covered kidney stones and a critical diagnosis, kidney stone mimic of testicular and |
| 0:20.2 | ovarian torsion. And remember, the big takeaway that we're |
| 0:23.8 | going for here, same as last week, kidney stones are a diagnosis of exclusion. That is by far the |
| 0:30.5 | most important thing I can teach you. Kidney stones are like constipation with abdominal pain and anxiety |
| 0:36.5 | with chest pain. they are a diagnosis of |
| 0:38.8 | exclusion in emergency medicine. Because this week, our patient, let's say they don't have a simple |
| 0:45.4 | kidney stone. But when they come in and they're having that severe colicky flank pain, |
| 0:50.7 | it's actually a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. And it's going to look exactly |
| 0:57.8 | the same as a kidney stone. Flank pain, lower abdominal pain, testicular pain. It's all sudden |
| 1:03.9 | an onset, some mild hematuria on the urinalysis, vomiting, you can just tell that they're hurting, |
| 1:10.5 | they're in distress, and it's |
| 1:12.4 | a AAA. And you're attending once this on your differential. And so today, critical diagnosis |
| 1:18.4 | we're going to cover the leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. Five things we're going to cover today. |
| 1:26.4 | History, exam, testing plan testing plan treatment plan and then some |
| 1:32.2 | just bonus pearls first history obviously not every disease reads the textbook and |
| 1:42.9 | abdominal aortic aneurism is the same. But generally |
| 1:46.7 | speaking, you're looking for patients over the age of 60 and their smokers, in their vascular |
| 1:54.9 | disease types, and they present in kind of one of two ways. |
| 2:02.9 | Option A, the first presentation. |
... |
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