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EM Clerkship

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

EM Clerkship

Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD

Health & Fitness, Science, Education, Medicine, Life Sciences

4.9816 Ratings

🗓️ 2 September 2018

⏱️ 10 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary


Kidney Stones are a Diagnosis of Exclusion!!!



History



* Risk factors* Age >60* Tobacco use* Classic presentations* Stable with sudden flank/back/abdominal pain or syncope* Unstable with pallor, hypotension, and ill appearance



Exam



* Pulsatile abdominal mass* Unstable vitals



Testing Plan



* Labs* TYPE AND SCREEN* CBC* Electrolytes* Coagulation studies* Lactic acid* Imaging* Bedside ultrasound (optimal)* Aorta protocol* Look for aorta >3cm* RUSH protocol* Mnemonic: HI-MAP* Heart* IVC* Morrisons Pouch (RUQ)* Aorta* Pulmonary* CT scan with IV contrast (less optimal)



Treatment Plan



* 2 Large bore IVs (16G)* Massive transfusion protocol* PRBCs* Platelets* Fresh Frozen Plasma* Blood pressure management* Goal Systolic ~100* Goal MAP ~60-65



Clerkship Pearls



* Put AAA in your differential during your presentation for all older patients with back/flank pain* Attempt to perform a bedside ultrasound of the aorta OR find recent CT of the abdomen with normal sized aorta



Additional Reading



* Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Review (Medscape)




Transcript

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0:00.0

Hello, med students.

0:03.4

My name is Zach Olson, and thank you for downloading this week's episode of the EM

0:08.7

Clerkship Podcast.

0:12.2

So we've covered kidney stones and a critical diagnosis, kidney stone mimic of testicular and

0:20.2

ovarian torsion. And remember, the big takeaway that we're

0:23.8

going for here, same as last week, kidney stones are a diagnosis of exclusion. That is by far the

0:30.5

most important thing I can teach you. Kidney stones are like constipation with abdominal pain and anxiety

0:36.5

with chest pain. they are a diagnosis of

0:38.8

exclusion in emergency medicine. Because this week, our patient, let's say they don't have a simple

0:45.4

kidney stone. But when they come in and they're having that severe colicky flank pain,

0:50.7

it's actually a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. And it's going to look exactly

0:57.8

the same as a kidney stone. Flank pain, lower abdominal pain, testicular pain. It's all sudden

1:03.9

an onset, some mild hematuria on the urinalysis, vomiting, you can just tell that they're hurting,

1:10.5

they're in distress, and it's

1:12.4

a AAA. And you're attending once this on your differential. And so today, critical diagnosis

1:18.4

we're going to cover the leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. Five things we're going to cover today.

1:26.4

History, exam, testing plan testing plan treatment plan and then some

1:32.2

just bonus pearls first history obviously not every disease reads the textbook and

1:42.9

abdominal aortic aneurism is the same. But generally

1:46.7

speaking, you're looking for patients over the age of 60 and their smokers, in their vascular

1:54.9

disease types, and they present in kind of one of two ways.

2:02.9

Option A, the first presentation.

...

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