671. Why Has There Been So Little Progress on Alzheimer’s Disease?
Freakonomics Radio
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🗓️ 17 April 2026
⏱️ 61 minutes
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| 0:00.0 | You may have seen the news recently about two new FDA-proofed blood tests that may detect |
| 0:08.0 | Alzheimer's disease in the early stages. Early detection is important for any disease, but especially |
| 0:13.3 | for Alzheimer's, which can take root for 20 years before symptoms develop. These symptoms, as you |
| 0:19.9 | probably know, include memory loss and other cognitive, physiological, |
| 0:24.8 | and behavioral issues. |
| 0:27.1 | The reason I say that you probably know these symptoms is because Alzheimer's affects more |
| 0:31.9 | than 7 million people in the U.S., most of them over 65. |
| 0:36.4 | Age-related memory loss has been seen throughout human history, but the disease was not formally |
| 0:40.9 | documented until 1906 by the German physician Alois Alzheimer. |
| 0:46.7 | When Alzheimer autopsied the brain of a woman who had had memory loss and hallucinations, |
| 0:52.4 | he found that her brain had shrunk and withered with |
| 0:55.1 | numerous tangles and what he called peculiar deposits. Scientists have been trying to figure out |
| 1:00.9 | those deposits and tangles ever since. The National Institutes of Health spends around $4 billion |
| 1:07.3 | a year on Alzheimer's and dementia research that's up from around $1 billion a decade ago, |
| 1:13.7 | and that puts it second only to cancer spending, which makes sense because the elderly population |
| 1:20.1 | in the U.S. is big and getting bigger. Much of this Alzheimer's research is centered around |
| 1:26.2 | one dominant theory of the disease. |
| 1:29.8 | But what if that theory is flawed? |
| 1:33.4 | No one's getting better with these drugs. |
| 1:36.0 | Every scientist who works with them, every clinician, will say the same. |
| 1:39.7 | If they don't, they're lying. |
| 1:41.2 | So is flawed even the right word, or should it be fraud? |
... |
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