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The Hello and welcome to a history of Europe, Kibato's podcast.

This is the fourth and final part of the War of Spanish Succession.

In the first three parts of this set of episodes, we have talked about the War of Spanish Spanish Succession up to and including a series of victories on the battlefield for the British, Dutch and Imperial forces against the French and their Bavarian allies, including the battles of Blenheim, Ramele and Udnard.

We also covered the other key events of the conflict across Western Europe,

in Spain, Italy and Savoy.

The month of January 1709 witnessed exceptionally cold weather across most of northwestern Europe, and biting cold winds lasted until mid-March.

The effect on the French was devastating, as vines as far south as Provence, died of frost and and thousands of animals froze to death in their stalls and barns.

So deep was the freeze that even destroyed the young winter wheat in the ground, causing widespread crop failure.

Negotiations for a peace settlement of the War of Spanish Succession had been ongoing for some time, making little progress.

As the fortunes of war waxed and waned, the various parties hopes and ambitions for concluding a peace shifted accordingly.

Louis XIV of France, with his treasury empty, enemy troops penetrating his northern frontier,

and his subjects dying of salvation, desired peace, and was now prepared to make major compromises to achieve it.

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