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The Hello, you're listening to a History of Europe, Key Battles podcast.

The Battle of Horton, part three of four

If you haven't listened to the first two parts of this series of episodes,

now might be a good time to do so,

or if you have already listened to them,

or don't mind anyway, then let's begin. The Battle of Khatine of the year 1621 took place at a fort of the same name on the banks of the Ruuddinista.

The town of Khartin today is in Ukraine, about 30 kilometres north of the border with Romania and Moldavia.

Historically, Khatine was part of the principality of Moldavia

and for brief periods the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

before it was absorbed into the Russian Empire in 1812.

This is a good opportunity to talk about the local history, especially that of Romania.

The modern state of Romania consists of three main regions, which relatively recently united into one political entity.

Falakia covers the southern third of the country, close to the Balkans and with Bulgaria to its south.

Mordavia is in the northeast and bordered by the River Pute on its eastern border with Ukraine.

The third region, Transylvania is in the northwest, surrounded on the east and the south by its natural borders, the Kapitin mountain range.

Transylvania, bordered as it is by the Kapitans, has a very different history than Moldavia or Varaccia.

Between about the year 1000 and the year 1526, Transylvania was a subject region of the Kingdom of Hungary.

After the Battle of Mohatch, 1526 described in a previous podcast, it became separate from the rest of Hungary,

and in 1570 became a semi-independent principality.

Ruled primarily by Hungarian princes, it was usually under the cissivante of the Ottoman Empire.

However, the principality often had dual vassalage of the Ottoman Turkish

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