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Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas

354 | Christian List on Free Will and Levels of Reality

Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas

Sean Carroll

Physics, Science

4.74.7K Ratings

🗓️ 18 May 2026

⏱️ 88 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Did I have any freedom in choosing this particular podcast guest? At the level of particles, fields, and the fundamental laws of physics; no. At the level of human agents navigating the world, yes. Today's guest, Christian List, is a philosopher and political scientist who has arguably done the most to articulate the "compatibilist" perspective on free will, according to which the freedom of rational agents is entirely compatible with underlying mechanistic laws. The reconciliation depends on thinking carefully about emergence and the relationship between levels of reality.

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Blog post with transcript: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2026/05/18/354-christian-list-on-free-will-and-levels-of-reality/

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Christian List received his D.Phil in Politics from Oxford University. He is currently Professor of Philosophy and Decision Theory and Co-Director of the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy at LMU Munich. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and a member of Academia Europaea the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Among his honors are the Joseph Gittler Award from the American Philosophical Association. He is the author of Why Free Will Is Real and (with Philip Pettit) Group Agency.

Transcript

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0:00.0

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1:18.9

Hello, everyone. Welcome to the Mindscape podcast. I'm your host, Sean Carroll. Hey, has everyone heard about the idea of free will, the idea that, you know, individual people have the ability

1:25.4

to make choices and decisions based on reasons that can have a causal

1:29.7

influence on how the world behaves? Yes, you have. I know you have. Don't worry. I'm just

1:35.1

kidding. You've heard about free will. It's a hot topic. For reasons that I will admit, I do

1:40.3

not completely understand why free will is such a hot topic.

...

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