This is here.

This is CBS. I am the world. I'm John Bachelor. Hotel Mars, episode and

Dr. Space himself, David Livingston is here as my colleague and co-pilot, and again, we're headed

into time, back in time, 540 million years ago, the beginning of the Fanarozoic. That's the period we're

still in the modern times of the eons of the 4 billion approximate years that Earth has

been here as a planet.

And we're very pleased to be welcomed by a man who studies the Earth from the point of view

of what happened once before in order to know the future, especially about the climate and

the way the creatures on the climate on the planet, that's us, will adapt.

I welcome Benjamin J.W. Mills, Professor of Earth System Evolution School of Earth and

Environment, the University of Leeds.

Professor, a very good evening to you, we begin our conversation about a new research article appearing

in Science magazine that you were asked to very carefully review and analyze for science. That's the way of a peer-reviewed magazine. There's the

peer-reviewed publication and then those that are favored by the editors are

asked or they look for someone to write it up and what are we about to read.

So Benjamin has written up this paleo-climate report, a 485 million year history of Earth's surface temperatures.

That is generally known in the shortened version of global mean surface temperature, GMST,

that's important because we're in the ice age, that's right.

Right now when you think it's global warming, yes, but at the same time the two poles dominate the story for the climate and for the oceans.

Professor, a very good evening to you, we're in the Ice Age, the Fenerozoic, and Professor Judd and her colleagues have measured what they believe is the

swings of the last 540 million years. Why is that important Ben? What do we get out of it? Good evening to you.

Hi, good evening and yeah, thank you very much for having me on. It's really nice to be here.

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