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This is CBSI in the world. I'm John Bachelors.

The series of military takeovers in West Africa.

What is the pattern? What does it tell us about Africa today?

A welcome Ronan Wordsworth of geopolitical futures and analysts,

who gives me to understand that this is about French colonial power once upon a time.

Extending into the 21st century, I note that in late winter of 2023,

Emmanuel Macron, the twice-elected president of France, was in West Africa,

speaking of the future for Paris and these different enterprises in West Africa and along the

Sahel, especially the shore of the Sahara. And Mr. Macron said that France would show deep humility

and that there will be a, quote, noticeable reduction in military presence.

Well, here we are in the coming fall of 2023 and everything's changed.

I welcome Ronan to help me understand the scale of this.

Ronan, what is Frank Afrique? What does it refer to before we bury it? Good evening to you.

Thanks, John, and good evening. Yes, Frank Afrique is an unofficial policy which was adopted by France

in the process of their decolonization. So this was their approach to their post-colonial space

...