Your Second Brain, Jupiter’s Hot Atmosphere, Placebo Buttons
Curiosity Weekly
Warner Bros. Discovery
4.6 • 963 Ratings
🗓️ 28 September 2021
⏱️ 15 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Learn about the “second brain” in your gut; what makes Jupiter’s atmosphere so hot; and why placebo buttons are useful.
The 'second brain' in your gut might have evolved before the brain in your head by Cameron Duke
- Nield, D. (2021). The “Second Brain” in Your Gut Might Have Evolved Before The Brain in Your Head. ScienceAlert. https://www.sciencealert.com/we-have-a-brain-like-system-in-our-guts-and-it-may-have-evolved-before-brains-did?utm_source=pocket_mylist
- Rao, M., & Gershon, M. D. (2016). The bowel and beyond: the enteric nervous system in neurological disorders. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 13(9), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.107
- Spencer, N. J., Travis, L., Wiklendt, L., Costa, M., Hibberd, T. J., Brookes, S. J., Dinning, P., Hu, H., Wattchow, D. A., & Sorensen, J. (2021). Long range synchronization within the enteric nervous system underlies propulsion along the large intestine in mice. Communications Biology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02485-4
- Hadhazy, A. (2010, February 12). Think Twice: How the Gut’s “Second Brain” Influences Mood and Well-Being. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gut-second-brain/
Researchers have solved the decades-old mystery of Jupiter's hot atmosphere by Briana Brownell
- Hendricks, S. (2021, August 10). Solved: A 50-year mystery about Jupiter. Big Think; Big Think. https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/jupiter-heat-aurora
- Berman, R. (2021, July 14). Every 27 minutes, there’s an X-ray aurora on Jupiter. Here’s why. Big Think; Big Think. https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/jupiter-aurora
- Space scientists reveal secret behind Jupiter’s “energy crisis.” (2021, August 4). Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2021-08-space-scientists-reveal-secret-jupiter.html
- O’Donoghue, J., Moore, L., Bhakyapaibul, T., Melin, H., Stallard, T., Connerney, J. E. P., & Tao, C. (2021). Global upper-atmospheric heating on Jupiter by the polar aurorae. Nature, 596(7870), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03706-w
- Yao, Z., Dunn, W. R., Woodfield, E. E., Clark, G., Mauk, B. H., Ebert, R. W., Grodent, D., Bonfond, B., Pan, D., Rae, I. J., Ni, B., Guo, R., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Wibisono, A. D., Rodriguez, P., Kotsiaros, S., Ness, J.-U., Allegrini, F., Kurth, W. S., & Gladstone, G. R. (2021). Revealing the source of Jupiter’s x-ray auroral flares. Science Advances, 7(28), eabf0851. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf0851
Placebo buttons give us the illusion of control that we crave by Cameron Duke
- Baraniuk, C. (2015). Press me! The buttons that lie to you. Bbc.com. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150415-the-buttons-that-do-nothing
- Jenkins, H. M., & Ward, W. C. (1965). Judgment of contingency between responses and outcomes. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 79(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093874
- Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311–328. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311
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Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/your-second-brain-jupiters-hot-atmosphere-placebo-buttons
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Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Hi, you're about to get smarter in just a few minutes with Curiosity Daily from Curiosity.com. |
| 0:06.7 | I'm Cody Goff. |
| 0:07.6 | And I'm Ashley Hamer. |
| 0:08.8 | Today you learn about how the second brain in your gut may actually be your first one, how researchers solve the decades |
| 0:15.4 | old mystery of Jupiter's hot atmosphere, and why placebo buttons are useful even though they |
| 0:21.0 | don't do anything. |
| 0:22.0 | Let's do some curiosity. |
| 0:24.0 | I guess we'll satisfy it, is what I mean by that. |
| 0:28.0 | Your brain is keeping a secret from you. |
| 0:32.0 | It's not the only brain you've got. It turns out |
| 0:35.4 | that there's an independent system of neurons in your gut and they work without any |
| 0:40.8 | input from your brain. Even weirder, scientists think this second brain evolved |
| 0:46.7 | before your so-called first brain, and new research is providing even more evidence that that's the case. |
| 0:54.7 | This independent nervous system in your gut is called the enteric nervous system. |
| 0:59.7 | It's made up of motor neurons that control muscle contraction and sensory |
| 1:03.9 | neurons that detect and respond to the chemicals in your gut. |
| 1:07.8 | And unlike the nerve cells that keep your heart pumping or your liver |
| 1:11.1 | functioning, these neurons operate without any input from your brain. |
| 1:16.0 | There is communication between your gut and your brain, |
| 1:20.0 | but about 90% of those signals are from the gut to the brain, not the other way around. |
| 1:26.0 | Some research suggests that those signals could even be affecting your mood and behavior. |
| 1:32.0 | So it shouldn't come as a surprise that a new study has found that motor neurons in the |
... |
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