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Capitalisn't

Why Economists Should Care About Inequality, with Branko Milanovic

Capitalisn't

University of Chicago Podcast Network

Stigler Center, Chicago Booth, Socialism, Antitrust, University Of Chicago Podcast Network, Growth, 087667, Policy, Monopoly, Professors, Distortion, Research, Competition, Capitalisnt, Inequality, Promarket, Politics, Policymaking, Special Interest, Economics, Efficiency, Regulations, Chicago, Business, Markets, University Of Chicago, Kate Waldock, Capitalism, Friction, Bethany Mclean, Government, Macroeconomics, News, Education, Waldock, Georgetown, Microeconomics, Luigi Zingales, Zingales, Finance, Ucpn

4.5584 Ratings

🗓️ 6 November 2025

⏱️ 47 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Recently, Bethany and Luigi joined economist and wealth inequality expert Branko Milanovic in front of a live audience at the Aspen Ideas Festival to explore how capitalism, democracy, and income inequality interact. Together, the three discussed the pervasiveness of income inequality around the world, its connections with democracy and political stability, if the inequality that really matters is that between countries, and if capitalism and democracy aren't as intricately connected as we thought. As a scholar of China’s economic system, Milanovic discussed how much of the country’s success can even be attributed to capitalism. In the process, the three unpacked if capitalist societies, particularly in the West, are able to address the very inequality they have produced. Are there free-market mechanisms to correct for inequality or does there need to be government intervention? If income inequality poses a dire threat to democracy, what should capitalists do to preserve the institutions that enabled their wealth in the first place? Read a book review of Branko Milanovic's Visions of Inequality: From the French Revolution to the End of the Cold War and how his analysis of class and inequality applies to contemporary America, written by former ProMarket student editor Surya Gowda Also mentioned: Revisit our episode with Thomas Piketty on creating a more equal society and with Martin Wolf: Is Capitalism Killing Democracy?Also revisit our episodes with Sen. Phil Gramm and Matthew Desmond on Poverty in America: Terrible Scourge or a Measurement Error?

Transcript

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0:00.0

I've become rather skeptical about the ability to do big changes.

0:06.0

The reason is that we have been talking about inequality for 15 years,

0:09.0

but when you look actually what has happened, not much has happened at the level of policies.

0:15.0

I'm Bethany McLean.

0:18.0

Did you ever have a moment of doubt about capitalism and whether greed's a good idea?

0:23.3

And I'm Luigi Zengalis.

0:24.7

We have socialism for the very rich, rugged individualism for the poor.

0:30.2

And this is Capitalism, a podcast about what is working in capitalism.

0:34.1

First of all, tell me, is there some society you know that doesn't run on greed?

0:38.6

And most importantly, what isn't? We ought to do better by the people that get left behind.

0:43.5

I don't think we shouldn't kill the capital system in the process. This week's episode comes to

0:48.7

you from a live taping at the Aspen Ideas Economy Festival, where we were invited to join in order to wrestle with a

0:55.3

question that has always animated our podcast. Can capitalism still deliver for people in the 21st century?

1:02.0

Or have we reached a breaking point? Inequality is rising, political anger is bubbling over,

1:07.7

and the middle class in many countries feels like it's disappearing. So this seemed like

1:13.2

the perfect moment to bring in someone who has spent decades studying the global evolution

1:17.7

of inequality. Our guest for this event was Bronco Milanovic, one of the world's leading experts

1:23.1

on inequality. He was a former lead economist at the World Bank, and he's the author of

1:28.2

the world under capitalism. Branko has a provocative view. Capitalist isn't going away, but is changing.

1:34.7

And the pressure points we see today, from populist politics to geopolitical tensions to debate

1:40.8

over generative AI and humanity from from it may signal very different futures for

1:45.0

capitalists depending on our society's response.

...

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